Canton 廣州


Guangzhou
广州
— Sub-provincial city —
广州市

From top: Zhujiang New Town's Skyline, the Canton Tower & Chigang Pagoda, Haizhu Bridge, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Statue of Five Goats, Zhenhai Tower in Yuexiu Park, and Sacred Heart Cathedral.

Guangzhou
Location in Guangdong

Guangzhou
Location in China
Coordinates: 23°7′44″N 113°15′32″E / 23.12889°N 113.25889°ECoordinates: 23°7′44″N 113°15′32″E / 23.12889°N 113.25889°E
Country China
Province Guangdong
Government
- Type Sub-provincial city
- CPC Ctte Secretary Lin Yuanhe
- Mayor Wan Qingliang
Area[1]
- Sub-provincial city 7,434 km2 (2,870 sq mi)
- Urban 3,843 km2 (1,484 sq mi)
Elevation 11 m (36 ft)
Population (2010)[2]
- Sub-provincial city 12,700,800
- Density 1,708/km2 (4,425/sq mi)
Demonym Guangzhouese
Cantonese
Time zone China standard time (UTC+8)
Postal code 510000
Area code(s) 20
GDP[3] 2010
- Total CN¥1060.448 billion
(US$163.3 billion)
- Per capita CN¥83,494
(US$12,860)
- Growth 13.0%
Licence plate prefixes 粤A
Website gz.gov.cn
Guangzhou

"Guangzhou", as written in Simplified Chinese
Simplified Chinese 广州
Traditional Chinese 廣州
Cantonese Jyutping Gwong² zau1
Cantonese Yale Gwóngjàu
Hanyu Pinyin Guǎngzhōu
Literal meaning Wide State or Capital of Guangfu
[show]Transcriptions
Guangzhou (simplified Chinese: 广州; Mandarin pronunciation: [ku̯ɑ̀ŋʈʂɤ́ʊ̯]), known historically as Canton or Kwangchow,[4] is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about 120 km (75 mi) north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port.[5] One of the five National Central Cities,[6] it holds sub-provincial administrative status.

Guangzhou is the third-largest city in China and southern China's largest city. As of the 2000 census, the city had a population of 6 million, and an urban area population of roughly 11.85 million,[7] making it the third most populous metropolitan area in China. Some estimates place the population of the entire urban agglomeration as high as 24.2 million, making it the 2nd biggest urban area in the world after Tokyo.[8] The Guangzhou government's official estimate of the city's population at the end of 2009 was 10,334,500, an addition of 152,500 people from the previous year.[9] When the migrant (defined as being present in the city 6 months or more) population is included, the city's population is over 14 mln.[10] In 2008 Guangzhou was identified as a Beta World City by the Global city index produced by GaWC.[11]

Contents

[hide]
1 History
2 Geography
2.1 Climate
3 Administrative divisions
4 Development plan
5 Significant buildings
6 Economy
6.1 Industrial zones
6.2 Science City
6.3 Malls and pedestrian streets
7 Transportation
7.1 Public transport
7.1.1 Guangzhou Metro
7.1.2 Buses, taxis and motorcyles
7.2 Air transport
7.3 Railway transport
7.4 Intercity transport to Hong Kong
7.5 River transport
8 Local products
9 Culture
9.1 Religions
10 Eight Sights of Guangzhou
11 Parks and gardens
12 Tourist attractions
13 Media
14 Education
14.1 Higher education institutes
14.2 Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre
15 Sports
16 International relations
16.1 Sister cities
16.2 Friendship cities
17 See also
18 References
18.1 Bibliography
18.2 Notes
19 External links
[edit] History

Guangzhou's earliest recorded name is Panyu (Chinese: 番禺; Jyutping: Pun1 Jyu4), a name borrowed from two nearby mountains anciently called Pan and Yu.[12] Its recorded history begins with China's conquering of the area during the Qin Dynasty. Panyu expanded when it became capital of the Nanyue Kingdom (南越) in 206 BC, the territory of the Nanyue Kingdom included what is now Vietnam.

The Han Dynasty annexed the Nanyue Kingdom in 111 BC and Panyu became a provincial capital and remains so today. In 226 AD, Panyu became the seat of Guang Prefecture (廣州; Guangzhou). While originally referring to prefecture only, local citizens gradually adopted the custom of using the same name for their city.[citation needed]

Although Guangzhou replaced Panyu as the name of the walled city, Panyu was still the name of the area surrounding the walled city until the end of Qing Dynasty.[citation needed]. Today, Panyu is a district of Guangzhou south of Haizhu District separated from the rest of the city by the Pearl River.

Arab and Persian pirates sacked Guangzhou (known to them as Sin-Kalan) in AD 758, according to a local Guangzhou government report on October 30 758, which corresponded to the day of Guisi (癸巳) of the ninth lunar month in the first year of the Qianyuan era of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty.[13][14][15][16] The Arab historian Abu Zayd Hasan of Siraf reports that in 878 followers of the Chinese rebel leader Huang Chao besieged the city and massacred a large number of foreign merchants resident there.[17][18]

From the tenth to twelfth century, Persian women were to be found in Guangzhou, some of them in the tenth century like Mei Zhu in the harem of the Emperor Liu Chang, and in the twelfth century large numbers of Persian women lived there, noted for wearing multiple earrings and "quarrelsome dispositions".[19][20] Multiple women originating from the Persian Gulf lived in Guangzhou's foreign quarter, they were all called "Persian women" (波斯婦 Po-ssu-fu or Bosifu).[21][22][23] Some scholars did not differentiate between Persian and Arab, and some say that the Chinese called all women coming from the Persian Gulf "Persian Women".[24]

During the Northern Song Dynasty, the celebrated poet Su Shi (Shisu) visited Guangzhou's Baozhuangyan Temple and wrote the inscription "Liu Rong" (Six Banyan Trees) because of the six banyan trees he saw there. It has since been called the Temple of the 6 Banyan Trees.

The Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in Guangzhou by sea in 1514, establishing a monopoly on the external trade out of its harbour by 1517.[25] They were later expelled from their settlements in Guangzhou (Cantão in Portuguese), but instead granted use of Macau as a trade base with the city in 1557. They would keep a near monopoly on foreign trade in the region until the arrival of the Dutch in the early 17th century.

It is believed that the romanisation "Canton" originated from Portuguese Cantão, which was transcribed from Guangdong. Nevertheless, because at the time of the Portuguese arrival the capital city had no specific appellation other than Shang Sheng(省城, lit. the provincial capital) by its people, the province name was adopted for the walled city by the Europeans. The etymology of Canton, as well as the similar pronunciation with the province name Guangdong might have partly contributed to the recent confusion of Canton and Guangdong by certain English speakers. However, definitive English lexica, such as Merriam–Webster's Dictionary, American Heritage Dictionary and Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English do not list Guangdong as a synonym (or variant) under Canton.

After China gained control of Taiwan in 1683, the Qing government became more open to foreign trade. Guangzhou quickly emerged as one of the most suitable ports for international trade and before long ships arrived from all over the world.

The Portuguese in Macau, the Spanish in Manila, Armenians, and Muslims from India were already actively trading in the port by the 1690s, when the French and English began frequenting the port through the Canton System.

Other companies were soon to follow: the Ostend General India company in 1717; Dutch East India Company in 1729; the first Danish ship in 1731, which was followed by a Danish Asiatic Company ship in 1734; the Swedish East India Company in 1732; followed by an occasional Prussian and Trieste Company ship; the Americans in 1784; and the first ships from Australia in 1788.



The Thirteen Factories, c. 1820


Plan of Canton (published 1910)
By the middle of the 18th century, Guangzhou had emerged as one of the world's great trading ports under the Thirteen Factories, which was a distinction it maintained until the outbreak of the First Opium War in 1839 and the opening of other ports in China in 1842. The privilege during this period made Guangzhou one of the top 3 cities in the world.[26] During the war, the British captured Canton on 18 March 1841. The Second Battle of Canton was fought in May 1841.



Street scene in Guangzhou, 1919
The plague epidemic – part of the Third Pandemic – have reached Guangzhou in 1894, causing the death of 60,000 people in a few weeks.[27] In 1918, the city's urban council was established and "Guangzhou" became the official name of the city.[citation needed] Panyu became a county's name to the southern side of Guangzhou.

In both 1930 and 1953, Guangzhou was promoted to the status of a Municipality, but each time promotion was rescinded within a year[citation needed].

Japanese troops occupied Guangzhou from October 12, 1938 to September 16, 1945, after violent bombings. In the city, the Imperial Japanese Army conducted bacteriological research unit 8604, a section of unit 731, where Japanese doctors experimented on human prisoners.

After the fall of the capital Nanjing in April 1949, the Nationalist government under the acting president Li Zongren relocated to Guangzhou.

Communist forces entered the city on October 14, 1949. This led the nationalists to blow up the Haizhu Bridge as the major link across the Pearl River and to the acting president's leaving for New York, whereas Chiang Kai-shek set up the capital for the Nationalist government in Chongqing again. The urban renewal projects of the new communist government improved the lives of some residents. New housing on the shores of the Pearl River provided homes for the poor boat people. Reforms by Deng Xiaoping, who came to power in the late 1970s, led to rapid economic growth due to the city's close proximity to Hong Kong and access to the Pearl River.

As labor costs increased in Hong Kong, manufacturers opened new plants in the cities of Guangdong including Guangzhou. As the largest city in one of China's wealthiest provinces, Guangzhou attracts farmers from the countryside looking for factory work. Cantonese links to overseas Chinese and beneficial tax reforms of the 1990s have aided the city's rapid growth.

In 2000, Huadu and Panyu were merged into Guangzhou as districts, and Conghua and Zengcheng became county-level cities of Guangzhou.

, As of October 2010, there may be as many as 100,000 Africans in Guangzhou,[28]

[edit] Geography

This section requires expansion.
Located in the south-central portion of Guangdong, Guangzhou spans from 112° 57' to 114° 03' E longitude and 22° 26' to 23° 56' N latitude. The city is part of the Pearl River Delta and the city centre is situated next to the Baiyun Mountain, which is locally referred to as ‘the lung of the city’ (市肺).[5][29] The total area under the city's administration is 7,434.4 square kilometres (2,870.4 sq mi), with the 10 districts occupying 3,843.43 square kilometres (1,483.96 sq mi), or 51.7% of the total, while the two county-level cities occupy the rest.

The elevation of the prefecture generally increases from southwest to northeast, with mountains forming the backbone of the city, and the ocean comprising the front.

[edit] Climate

Located just south of the Tropic of Cancer, Guangzhou has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) influenced by the Asian monsoon. Summers are wet with high temperatures, high humidity and a high heat index. Winters are mild and comparatively dry. Guangzhou has a lengthy monsoon season, spanning from April through September. Monthly averages range from 13.6 °C (56.5 °F) in January to 28.6 °C (83.5 °F) in July, while The annual average temperature in Guangzhou is 22.6 °C (72.7 °F),[5] the relative humidity is approximately 68%, whereas annual rainfall in the metropolitan area is over 1,700 mm (67 in).[5] Extreme temperatures have ranged from 0 °C (32 °F) to 39.1 °C (102 °F).[30] The last recorded snowfall in the city was in January 1893.[citation needed]



[hide]Climate data for Guangzhou (1971−2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 18.3
(64.9) 18.5
(65.3) 21.6
(70.9) 25.7
(78.3) 29.3
(84.7) 31.5
(88.7) 32.8
(91) 32.7
(90.9) 31.5
(88.7) 28.8
(83.8) 24.5
(76.1) 20.6
(69.1) 26.3
(79.3)
Average low °C (°F) 10.3
(50.5) 11.7
(53.1) 15.2
(59.4) 19.5
(67.1) 22.7
(72.9) 24.8
(76.6) 25.5
(77.9) 25.4
(77.7) 24.0
(75.2) 20.8
(69.4) 15.9
(60.6) 11.5
(52.7) 18.9
(66)
Rainfall mm (inches) 40.9
(1.61) 69.4
(2.732) 84.7
(3.335) 201.2
(7.921) 283.7
(11.169) 276.2
(10.874) 232.5
(9.154) 227.0
(8.937) 166.2
(6.543) 87.3
(3.437) 35.4
(1.394) 31.6
(1.244) 1,736.1
(68.35)
% Humidity 72 78 82 84 84 84 82 82 78 72 66 66 77.5
Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) 7.5 11.2 15.0 16.3 18.3 18.2 15.9 16.8 12.5 7.1 5.5 4.9 149.2
Sunshine hours 118.5 71.6 62.4 65.1 104.0 140.2 202.0 173.5 170.2 181.8 172.7 166.0 1,628.0
Source: China Meteorological Administration[31]




[edit] Administrative divisions

Guangzhou is a sub-provincial city. It has direct jurisdiction over ten districts (区 qu) and two county-level cities (市 shi) :

Map # Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Population
(2010 est.)[2] Area
(km2)[1] Density
(km−2)[2]

Central districts 7,727,163 1,166.37 6,625
1 Yuexiu District 越秀区 Yuèxiù Qū 1,157,277 33.80 34,239
2 Liwan District 荔湾区 Lìwān Qū 898,204 59.10 15,198
3 Haizhu District 海珠区 Hǎizhū Qū 1,558,663 90.40 17,242
4 Tianhe District 天河区 Tiānhé Qū 1,432,431 96.33 14,870
5 Baiyun District 白云区 Báiyún Qū 2,222,658 795.79 2,793
6 Huangpu District 黄埔区 Huángpù Qū 457,930 90.95 5,035
New districts 3,343,491 2,677.06 1,249
7 Panyu District 番禺区 Pānyú Qū 1,764,869 786.15 2,245
8 Huadu District 花都区 Huādū Qū 945,053 970.04 974
9 Nansha District 南沙区 Nánshā Qū 259,899 527.65 493
10 Luogang District 萝岗区 Luógāng Qū 373,670 393.22 950
County-level cities 1,630,146 3,590.97 454
11 Zengcheng 增城市 Zēngchéng Shì 1,036,731 1,616.47 641
12 Conghua 从化市 Cónghuà Shì 593,415 1,974.50 301
Total 12,700,800 7,434.40 1,708
As of April 28, 2005, the districts of Dongshan and Fangcun have been abolished and merged into Yuexiu and Liwan respectively; at the same time the district of Nansha was established out of parts of Panyu, and the district of Luogang was established out of parts of Baiyun, Tianhe, and Zengcheng, plus a part of Huangpu, making an exclave next to Huangpu.

[edit] Development plan

In January 2009 the National People's Congress approved a development plan for the Pearl River Delta Region. On March 19, 2009 the Guangzhou Municipal Government and Foshan Municipal Government both agreed to establish a framework to merge the two cities.[32]

[edit] Significant buildings

Guangdong Olympic Stadium (广东奥林匹克体育场)
CITIC Plaza (中信广场)
Canton Tower (广州塔)
Guangzhou TV Tower (广州电视塔)
Pearl River Tower (珠江大厦)
West Tower/Guangzhou International Finance Centre (西塔 or 广州国际金融中心)
[edit] Economy



Tianhe CBD at night with CITIC Plaza
Guangzhou is the main manufacturing hub of the Pearl River Delta, one of mainland China's leading commercial and manufacturing regions. In 2009, the GDP reached ¥911.28 billion (US $133.5 billion), per capita was ¥89,498 (US $13,111).[33]

The China Import and Export Fair, also called "Canton Fair", is held every year in April and October by Ministry of Trading. Inaugurated in the spring of 1957, the Fair is a major event for the city. From the 104th session, Liuhua Complex is not in use to hold Canton Fair. All the booths have been transferred to Pazhou Complex. From the 104th session, Canton Fair has been arranged in 3 phases instead of 2 phases.

[edit] Industrial zones

Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone
Guangzhou Nansha Export Processing Zone
The zone was founded in 2005. Its total planned area is 1.36 km2 (0.53 sq mi).[34] It is located in Nansha District and it belongs to the provincial capital, Guangzhou. The major industries encouraged in the zone include auto-mobile assembly, biotechnology and heavy industry. It is situated near to Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport and Shenzhen Port.[34]

Guangzhou Free Trade Zone
The zone was founded in 1992. It is located in the east of Huangpu District and located near to Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone. It is situated very close to Guangzhou Baiyun Airport.[35] The major industries encouraged in the zone include international trade, logistics, processing industry and computer software.

[edit] Science City

Guangzhou Science City
[edit] Malls and pedestrian streets



Shangxiajiu
101 Dynamics
Beijing Lu
China Plaza
Jiangnanxi
Liwan Plaza
Shangxiajiu
Tee Mall
Victory Plaza
Wanguo Plaza
Zhengjia Square
[edit] Transportation



Tianhe Sports Center Station of Guangzhou BRT


Gongyuanqian Station of Guangzhou Metro


Baiyun International Airport in Huadu District


A CRH3 Train at Guangzhou South Railway Station
[edit] Public transport

[edit] Guangzhou Metro

Main article: Guangzhou Metro
With the first line of Guangzhou Metro opened in 1997, Guangzhou is the fourth city in Mainland China to have an underground railway system, behind Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. Currently the underground network is made up of eight lines, covering a total length of 236 km (147 mi). A long term plan is to make the city's underground system expand over 500 km (310 mi) by 2020 with 15 lines in operation.

The existing eight lines of Guangzhou Metro network:

Line 1: Guangzhou East Railway Station–Xilang Station
Line 2: Jiahewanggang Station–Guangzhou South Railway Station
Line 3
Main route: Tianhe Coach Terminal Station–Panyu Square Station via Tiyu Xilu Station
Spur line: Airport South Station–Tiyu Xilu Station
Line 4: Huangcun Station–Jinzhou Station
Line 5: Jiaokou Station–Wenchong Station
Line 8: Fenghuang Xincun Station–Wanshengwei Station
Guangfo Line: Xilang Station–Kuiqi Lu Station
APM: Linhexi Station–Chigang Pagoda Station
[edit] Buses, taxis and motorcyles

in 2010 Guangzhou introduced the second largest Bus Rapid Transit system in use, after Bogota's TransMilenio, the Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit (or GBRT). The 22.5 km (13.98 mi) line currently handles more than 800.000 passengers per day, and has through-running with the city's wider bus system. Several future extensions are planned.

According to a report on the China Daily of July 6, 2007, all buses and taxis in Guangzhou will be LPG-fueled by 2010 to promote clean energy for transport and improve the environment.[36] At present, Guangzhou is the city that uses the most LPG-fueled vehicles in the world. As of the end of 2006, 6,500 buses and 16,000 taxis were using LPG, taking up 85% of all buses and taxis.

Effective January 1, 2007, the municipal government has banned motorcycles in urban areas. Motorcycles found violating the ban will be confiscated.[37] The Guangzhou traffic bureau claimed to have reported reduced traffic problems and accidents in the downtown area since the ban.[38]

[edit] Air transport

Guangzhou's main airport is the Baiyun International Airport in Huadu District opened on August 5, 2004. This airport is also the 2nd busiest airport in terms of traffic movements in China. It replaced the old Baiyun International Airport, which was very close to the city centre and failed to meet the fast-growing air traffic demand.

Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport now has two runways, with three more planned to be built.[39]

[edit] Railway transport

Guangzhou now has the JingGuang railway (Beijing-Guangzhou), the GuangShen railway (Guangzhou-Shenzhen), the GuangMao railway (Guangzhou-Maoming) and the GuangMeiShan railway (Guangzhou-Meizhou-Shantou). In late 2009, the Wuhan–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway started its service, which enables Multiple unit to cover 980 km (608.94 mi) at an average speed of 320 km/h.

[edit] Intercity transport to Hong Kong

Guangzhou is well connected to Hong Kong by train, coach and ferry. The Guangdong Through Train departs from the Guangzhou East railway station (广州东站) and arrive at the Hung Hom KCR station in Kowloon, Hong Kong. The route is approximately 182 km (113 mi) in length and the ride takes less than two hours. Frequent coach services are also provided with coaches departing every day from different locations (mostly major hotels) around the city.

[edit] River transport

There are daily high-speed catamaran services between Nansha Ferry Terminal and Lianhua Shan Ferry Terminal in Guangzhou and the Hong Kong China Ferry Terminal, as well as between Nansha Ferry Terminal and Macau Ferry Pier in Hong Kong.

[edit] Local products

Canton Province Sculpture is legendary and includes Guangzhou Ivory Carvings, Jade Sculpture, Wood Sculpture and Olive Sculpture.
Cantonese Enamel includes Guangzhou Colorful Pottery. It has a history of over 300 years.
Cantonese Embroidery, namely "Yue 粤 Embroidery" (meaning literally "Guangdong embroidery")is one of the Four Famous Chinese Embroideries together with Su Embroidery, Xiang Embroidery and Shu Embroidery.
Canton Province Bacon is the general designation of cured meat in the Guangzhou and surrounding areas.
Zhujiang Beer (Pearl River Beer)
[edit] Culture

According to the official People's Daily newspaper, Cantonese is the first language for half of the 14 million residents of the provincial capital Guangzhou, while the other half speak mainly Mandarin.[40] Other languages such as Hakka are spoken in significant numbers as well.

Cantonese
Cantonese cuisine
Cantonese opera
Cantonese people
Guangdong music (genre)
Xiguan
[edit] Religions

Huaisheng Mosque is among the oldest mosques in China.[41] Buddhism has remained the most influential religion in the life of Guangzhou people.[42]

Guangzhou has a Jewish community, Guangzhou Buddhist Association, and Guangzhou Daoist Association.[43][44] There is official pressure against underground churches in Guangzhou.[45]

[edit] Eight Sights of Guangzhou

Main article: Eight Sights of Guangzhou
The Eight Sights of Guangzhou are the 8 most famous tourist attractions listed by rulers in different ages. The followings are those chosen through public appraisal and brought out in 2011.

Ta Yao Xin Cheng (Chinese: 塔耀新城; pinyin: tǎ yào xīn chéng; literally "Tower Shining Through The Bew Town"): Canton Tower, Chigang Pagoda, Haixinsha, Flower City Square, Twin Towers, CITIC Plaza and etc.
Zhu Shui Liu Guang (Chinese: 珠水流光; pinyin: zhū shuǐ liú guāng; literally "Pearl River Flowing and Shining"): Pearl River (segment from Bai'etan to Pazhou), Wharves, Bai'etan, Shamian Island, Yanjiang Lu, Ersha Island, Haixinsha, Guangzhou Convention and Exhibition Center and etc.
Yun Shan Die Cui (Chinese: 云山叠翠; pinyin: yún shān dié cuì; literally "Baiyun Mountain Green and In Arranged Well"): Baiyun Mountain, Yuntai Garden and etc.
Yue Xiu Feng Hua (Chinese: 越秀风华; pinyin: yuè xiù fēng huá; literally "Elegance and Talent of Yuexiu Mountain"): Yuexiu Mountain, Zhenhai Tower, Five Rams Statue, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Monument and etc.
Gu Ci Liu Fang (Chinese: 古祠流芳; pinyin: gǔ cí liú fāng; literally "Ancient Academy Leaving A Good Name"): Chen Clan Academy and Guangdong Folk Craftwork Museum
Li Wan Sheng Jing (Chinese: 荔湾胜景; pinyin: lì wān shèng jǐng; literally "Wonderful Scenery of Liwan"): Litchi Bay, Liwan Lake, Arcades on Enning Lu, Xiguan Residences and etc.
Ke Cheng Jin Xiu (Chinese: 科城锦绣; pinyin: kē chéng jǐn xiù; literally "Science City as Splendid as Brocade"): Guangzhou Science City
Shi Di Chang Wan (Chinese: 湿地唱晚; pinyin: shī dì chàng wǎn; literally "Wetland Singing at Night"): Nansha Wetland Park
[edit] Parks and gardens

Baiyun Mountain (白云山), literally "White Cloud Mountain"
Yuexiu Park (越秀公园)
Renmin Park (人民公园), or "People's Park"
Luhu Park (麓湖公园)
Dongshanhu Park (东山湖公园)
Liuhuahu Park (流花湖公园)
Liwanhu Park (荔湾湖公园)
Yuntai Garden (云台花园)
Martyrs' Park (广州起义烈士陵园)
Zhujiang Park (珠江公园)
South China Botanical Garden (华南植物园)
[edit] Tourist attractions

Guangzhou has a humid, hot sub-tropical climate. Annual average temperature is 21.8 degrees. Autumn, from October to December, is very moderate, cool and windy, and is the best travel time.[46] There are many tourist attractions around the city which include:

Xiguan (西关)
Chen Clan Academy/Chan Clan Ancestral Hall (陈氏书院/陈家祠)
Shamian Island/Shameen Island (沙面岛)
Guangdong Provincial Museum (广东省博物馆)
Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King (西汉南越王博物馆)
Temple of the Six Banyan Trees (六榕寺)
Sacred Heart Cathedral/Stone House (石室圣心大教堂)
Huaisheng Mosque (怀圣寺)
Temple of Bright Filial Piety (光孝寺)
Chime-Long Paradise (长隆欢乐世界)
Chime-Long WaterPark (长隆水上乐园)
Guangzhou Peasant Movement Institute (广州市农民运动讲习所)
Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall (中山纪念堂)

Temple of the Six Banyan Trees

Shishi Sacred Heart Cathedral

The Huaisheng Mosque

Western style buildings on Shamian Island

Towers in Guangzhou's CBD (left-center) with IFC/West Tower (right) and Guangzhou Opera House (front) under construction

Pearl River at night

Canton Tower,[47] June 2009

Entrance of Baiyun Mountain or Mount Baiyun
[edit] Media

Guangzhou has two local radio stations, the provincial Radio Guangdong and the municipal Radio Guangzhou. Together they broadcast in more than a dozen channels. Both radio stations' primary language is Cantonese. Traditionally only one channel of Radio Guangdong is broadcast entirely in Mandarin (Putonghua), although in recent years Mandarin programmes tend to increase in some Cantonese channels. The Beijing-based China National Radio broadcasts Putonghua programmes in the city. On the other hand, radio stations from cities around Guangzhou mainly broadcast in Cantonese whose programmes can be received in different parts of the city, depending on the radio stations' locations and transmission power. Radio Guangdong produces a 15-minute weekly English programme, Guangdong Today, which is broadcast globally through the WRN Broadcast. Daily English news programmes are also broadcast by Radio Guangdong. Both TVB Pearl and ATV World, two major English TV channels in Hong Kong, can be received through cable TV in Guangzhou.

Guangzhou has some of the best Chinese-language newspapers and magazines in Mainland China, most of which are published by three big newspaper companies in the city. The Guangzhou Daily Press Group, Nanfang Press Corporation and Yangcheng Evening News Group dominate the newspaper market of Guangdong Province. The two leading newspaper of the city are Guangzhou Daily and Southern Metropolis Daily. Guangzhou Daily, with a circulation of 1.8 million, has been China's most successful newspaper for 14 years in terms of advertising revenue. In addition to Guangzhou's Chinese-language publications, there are a few English magazines and newspapers, most notably that's PRD (formerly that's Guangzhou) which was started more than a decade ago and has since blossomed into one of China's leading expat magazines with issues in Beijing, Shanghai and formerly Suzhou.

[edit] Education

Main article: List of universities and colleges in Guangdong
[edit] Higher education institutes



Sun Yat-sen College of Medical Science, Sun Yat-sen University


The main gate of Sun Yat-sen University
Universities and colleges

Sun Yat-sen University (中山大学) (founded in 1924)
Southern Medical University (南方医科大学) (founded in 1951)
South China University of Technology (华南理工大学)
Jinan University (暨南大学) (founded in 1906)
South China Normal University (华南师范大学)
South China Agricultural University (华南农业大学) (founded in 1909)
Guangdong University of Foreign Studies (广东外语外贸大学)
Guangdong University of Technology (广东工业大学)
Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (广东药学院)
Guangdong University of Business Studies (广东商学院)
Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (广州中医药大学)
Guangzhou University (广州大学)
Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts (广州美术学院)
Xinghai Conservatory of Music (星海音乐学院)
Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University (广东技术师范学院)
Guangzhou Sports University (广州体育学院)
Guangzhou Medical College (广州医学院)
Zhongkai Agrotechnical College (仲恺农业技术学院)
Guangdong University of Finance (广东金融学院)
Guangdong Institute of Science and Technology (广东省科技干部学院)
Note: Institutes without full-time bachelor programs are not listed.

[edit] Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre

Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre also known as Guangzhou University Town is a large university complex located in the southeast suburbs of Guangzhou. This huge higher education centre occupies the entire Xiaoguwei island in Panyu District, covering an area of about 18 square kilometres. It houses new campuses from ten universities, nine of which still maintain their old campuses in downtown Guangzhou. The whole Higher Education Mega Centre can eventually accommodate up to 200,000 students, 20,000 teachers and 50,000 staff.[48]

Higher education institutions with campuses in the Mega Centre:

Sun Yat-sen University (中山大学)
South China University of Technology (华南理工大学)
South China Normal University (华南师范大学)
Guangdong University of Technology (广东工业大学)
Guangdong University of Foreign Studies (广东外语外贸大学)
Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (广州中医药大学)
Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (广东药学院)
Guangzhou University (广州大学)
Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts (广州美术学院)
Xinghai Conservatory of Music (星海音乐学院)
[edit] Sports



Guangdong Olympic Stadium
Guangzhou hosted the 16th Asian Games in 2010 from November 12–27 and the Asian Para Games from Dec. 8 to 19, 2010

Guangzhou also hosted the following major events:

1987 The 6th People's Republic of China National Sports Meeting
1991 The 1st FIFA Women's World Cup
2001 The 9th People's Republic of China National Sports Meeting
2007 The 8th People's Republic of China Minorities Traditional Sports Meeting
2008 The 49th World Table Tennis Championships
Current professional sports clubs (football and basketball) based in Guangzhou include:

Sport League Tier Club Stadium
Football Chinese Super League 1st Guangzhou Evergrande Yuexiushan Stadium
Football China League One 2nd Guangdong Sunray Cave Huangpu Stadium
Basketball National Basketball League 2nd Guangzhou Freemen Tianhe Stadium
Basketball National Basketball League 2nd Guangzhou Six-rice Huangpu Stadium
Baseball China Baseball League 1st Guangdong Leopards Guangdong Olympic Stadium
[edit] International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in China
[edit] Sister cities

Guangzhou is twinned with the following cities:[49]

Country City Geographical location Date
Japan Fukuoka Fukuoka May 2, 1979
United States Los Angeles California December 8, 1981
Philippines Manila Metro Manila November 5, 1982
Canada Vancouver British Columbia March 27, 1985
Australia Sydney New South Wales May 12, 1986
Italy Bari Bari November 12, 1986
France Lyon Rhône January 19, 1988
Germany Frankfurt Hesse April 11, 1988
New Zealand Auckland Auckland February 17, 1989
South Korea Gwangju Metropolitan city October 25, 1996
Sweden Linköping Östergötland November 24, 1997
South Africa Durban KwaZulu-Natal July 17, 2000
United Kingdom Bristol England May 23, 2001
Russia Yekaterinburg Sverdlovsk July 10, 2002
Peru Arequipa Arequipa October 27, 2004
Indonesia Surabaya East Java December 21, 2005
Lithuania Vilnius Vilnius October 12, 2006
United Kingdom Birmingham England December 4, 2006
Sri Lanka Hambantota Hambantota February 27, 2007
Brazil Recife Pernambuco October 22, 2007
Finland Tampere Pirkanmaa December 2, 2008
Thailand Bangkok Bangkok November 13, 2009
[edit] Friendship cities

Guangzhou has the following friendship cities:[50]

Country City Geographical location Date
Brazil Salvador Bahia April 6, 1996
Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City Centrally-governed city April 11, 1996
Japan Ōita Ōita October 9, 1997
Russia Khabarovsk Khabarovsk October 15, 1997
United Arab Emirates Dubai Dubai June 1, 2000
United States Guam Unincorporated organized territories March 28, 2002
Japan Noboribetsu Hokkaidō May 19, 2002
Australia Melbourne Victoria April 9, 2003
Egypt Alexandria Alexandria July 17, 2003
Spain Barcelona Catalonia October 23, 2003
Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Chuy December 1, 2004
Cuba Havana Havana June 15, 2005
Germany Düsseldorf North Rhine-Westphalia July 25, 2006
[edit] See also

People's Republic of China portal
Er Sha Island
Fernão Pires de Andrade
Rafael Perestrello
Seamen's strike of 1922
[edit] References

[edit] Bibliography

Foster, Simon; Lin-Liu, Jen; Pham, Sherisse; Beth Reiber, Sharon Owyang, Lee Wing-sze, Christopher D. Winnan (12 February 2010). Frommer's China. United States: © 2000-2010 by Frommer's/Wiley Publishing, Inc.. pp. 542–. ISBN 9780470526583. http://books.google.com/books?id=1DqjMGlyY5QC&pg=PA542. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
Johnson, Graham E. (1999). Historical Dictionary of Guangzhou (Canton) and Guangdong. Lanham, MD: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0810835160.
Lee, Edward Bing-Shuey (1936). Modern Canton. Shanghai: The Mercury Press.
Ng, Yong Sang (1936). Canton, City of the Rams: A General Description and a Brief Historical Survey. Canton: M.S. Cheung. ASIN B0008D1HHO.
Shaw, Samuel; Josiah Quincy (1847). The journals of Major Samuel Shaw : the first American consul at Canton : with a life of the author. Boston: Wm. Crosby and H.P. Nichols. http://www.archive.org/details/journalsofmajors00shaw. Retrieved 2008-04-05.
Vogel, Ezra F. (1969). Canton Under Communism: Programs and Politics in a Provincial Capital, 1949–1968. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674094758.
[edit] Notes

^ a b "土地面积、人口密度（2008年）". Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou. http://data.gzstats.gov.cn/gzStat1/year ... 8%C4%EA%29. Retrieved 2010-02-08.
^ a b c "广州市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报" (in Chinese). Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou. 2011-05-16. http://www.gzstats.gov.cn/tjgb/glpcgb/2 ... _25227.htm. Retrieved 2011-05-25.
^ "2010年广州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (in Chinese). Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou. 2011-04-07. http://www.gzstats.gov.cn/tjfx/gztjfs/2 ... _24947.htm. Retrieved 2011-05-25.
^ "Guangzhou (China)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed 12 September 2010.
^ a b c d "Tourism Administration of Guangzhou Municipality". visitgz.com. http://www.visitgz.com/en/About%20Guang ... 80318.html. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
^ "全国城镇规划确定五大中心城市". Southern Metropolitan Daily. 2010-02-09. http://gcontent.oeeee.com/b/15/b1563a78 ... 9c802.html. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
^ "Demographia World Urban Areas population projections" (PDF). http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua2015.pdf. Retrieved 2010-05-06.
^ &Copy; Th. Brinkhoff (2011-04-05). "The Principal Agglomerations of the World - Population Statistics & Maps". Citypopulation.de. http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
^ 2009年广州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 03-29-2010
^ Guangzhou Population is over 14 mln. Xinghua Agency. 2010-06-18
^ "The 2008 Global Cities Index". Foreign Policy. 2008-10-15. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2 ... ties_index. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
^ Zhongguo Gujin Diming Dacidian 中国古今地名大词典, 2005. (Shanghai: Shanghai Cishu Dacidian), 2901.
^ E. Bretschneider (1871). On the knowledge possessed by the ancient Chinese of the Arabs and Arabian colonies: and other western countries, mentioned in Chinese books. Harvard University: Trübner & co.. p. 10. http://books.google.com/books?id=kZPMZ0 ... 20&f=false. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
^ Welsh, Frank (1974). Maya Rao. ed. A Borrowed Place: The History of Hong Kong. p. 13. ISBN 1-56836-134-3.
^ Needham, Joseph (1954). Science & Civilisation in China. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1, 179.
^ Sima Guang. Zizhi Tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government).
^ Gabriel Ferrand, ed (1922). Voyage du marchand arabe Sulaymân en Inde et en Chine, rédigé en 851, suivi de remarques par Abû Zayd Hasan (vers 916). p. 76.
^ Kaifung Jews. Division of Religion and Philosophy. University of Cumbria.
^ Walter Joseph Fischel (1951). Semitic and Oriental studies: a volume presented to William Popper, professor of Semitic languages, emeritus, on the occasion of his seventy-fifth birthday, October 29, 1949. University of California Press. p. 456. http://books.google.com/books?id=v68NAA ... CCkQ6AEwAA. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
^ University of California (1868-1952), University of California (System), University of California, Berkeley (1951). University of California publications in Semitic philology, Volumes 11-12. University of California Press. p. 407. http://books.google.com/books?ei=CesrTJ ... uthern+han. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
^ Tōyō Bunko (Japan). Kenkyūbu (1928). Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (the Oriental Library), Issue 2. Ann Arbor, Michigan: The Toyo Bunko. p. 34. http://books.google.com/books?ei=TUtTTZ ... sian+woman. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
^ Lombard-Salmon Claudine (2004). Les Persans à l'extrémité orientale de la route maritime (IIe A.E. -XVIIe siècle). Archipel. Volume 68. p. 40. http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/pr ... =standard&. Retrieved 03 mars 2011.
^ Société pour l'étude et la connaissance du monde insulindien, Association Archipel, Centre de documentatio et de recherches sur l'Asie du Sud-Est et le monde indonésien, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France), Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (2004). Archipel, Issues 67-68. SECMI.. p. 40. http://books.google.com/books?id=4ixuAA ... H+(959-971).+Les+d%C3%A9buts+du+commerce+international+sur+le+territoire+des+souverains+de+l'%C3%89tat+de+...&dq=Les+chroniques+52+gardent+le+souvenir+d'une+dame+persane+qui+%C3%A9tait+dans+le+harem+du+quatri%C3%A8me+et+dernier+souverain,+Liu+Chang+glJH+(959-971).+Les+d%C3%A9buts+du+commerce+international+sur+le+territoire+des+souverains+de+l'%C3%89tat+de+...&hl=en&ei=0i5vTebHJoK8lQeTxJxf&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA. Retrieved 2011-03-03.
^ History of Science Society, Académie internationale d'histoire des sciences (1939). Isis, Volume 30. Publication and Editorial Office, Dept. of History and Sociology of Science, University of Pennsylvania. p. 120. http://books.google.com/books?id=NlEbAA ... s+(907-959)+had+a+young+Arabian+woman+in+his+harem&dq=Arabs+enjoyed+virtually+the+rights+of+extraterritoriality.+They+brought+their+wives+who+were+known+to+the+Chinese+as+%22Persian+women.%22+Emperor+Kiu+Chang+of+the+Five+dynasties+(907-959)+had+a+young+Arabian+woman+in+his+harem&hl=en&ei=0HRTTd-2NYL6lwfapcW6Cg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA. Retrieved 2011-02-09.
^ Denis Crispin Twitchett, John King Fairbank, "The Cambridge history of China, Volume 2; Volume 8", Cambridge University Press, 1978, ISBN 0521243335
^ "Top 10 Cities of the Year 1800". About.com. http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201e.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
^ Kohn, George C. (2008). Encyclopedia of plague and pestilence: from ancient times to the present. Infobase Publishing. p. 165. ISBN 0816069352.
^ Branigan, Tania (6 October 2010). "China cracks down on African immigrants and traders". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/oc ... mmigration. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
^ Baiyun Mountain Scenic Area[dead link]
^ "Extreme Temperatures Around the World". http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-01.
^ "中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）" (in Simplified Chinese). http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/index3.jsp? ... S&pageid=3. Retrieved March 2009.
^ "Guangzhou and Foshan signed "City Merge Cooperation Framework"". News.xinhuanet.com. http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/20 ... 037051.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-06.
^ "广东统计年鉴2010". Gdstats.gov.cn. http://www.gdstats.gov.cn/tjnj/e3.htm. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
^ a b "RightSite.asia". RightSite.asia. http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zon ... sing-zone/. Retrieved 2010-05-06.
^ "RightSite.asia". RightSite.asia. http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zon ... rade-zone/. Retrieved 2010-05-06.
^ "Date set for LPG-fueled buses, taxis". China Daily. 2007-07-06. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007 ... 911176.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
^ "Guangzhou Bans Motorcycles". Life of Guangzhou. 2007-01-03. http://www.lifeofguangzhou.com/node_10/ ... 3245.shtml. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
^ "Traffic Jam Improve after Motorcycle Ban". Life of Guangzhou. 2007-01-19. http://www.lifeofguangzhou.com/node_10/ ... 3959.shtml. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
^ "http://www.newsgd.com/specials/airportguide/airportnews/content/2009-06/01/content_5204382.htm". NEWSGD.com. 2009-06-01. http://www.newsgd.com/specials/airportg ... 204382.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-06.
^ Branigan, Tania (July 25, 2010). "Protesters gather in Guangzhou to protect Cantonese language". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/ju ... -cantonese.
^ http://fls.sysu.edu.cn/fls/deut/guangzh ... houer.html
^ http://www.excelguangzhou.com/sixbanyan.html
^ http://www.mondestay.com/guangzhou/wors ... tions.html
^ http://china.hrw.org/book/export/html/50307
^ http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Beijing- ... 21186.html
^ "Travel China Guide: Fascinating Guangzhou". Blogspot. 2008-08-12. http://worldstepper-daworldisntenough.b ... ating.html. Retrieved 2008-08-21.
^ "GZ's New Television Tower Named Canton Tower". 2010-09-30. http://www.gz.gov.cn/publicfiles/busine ... 35572.html. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
^ "Mega Campus goes Wireless" (PDF). Intel Corporation. Archived from the original on 2008-02-27. http://web.archive.org/web/200802270055 ... cation.pdf. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
^ "Sister Cities of Guangzhou". Guangzhou Foreign Affairs Office. http://www.gzwaishi.gov.cn/Item/3970.aspx. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
^ "Friendship Cities of Guangzhou". http://www.2009scc.com/__fclist.asp. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Guangzhou
Guangzhou International - Official website of government of Guangzhou municipality
Guangzhou, China Network
Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Tourism
Guangzhou travel guide from Wikitravel

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_(Guangzhou)