SäiGwäan / Sai Kwan / 西關 / 廣州西關 I
Jul 23rd, '11, 23:50
SäiGwäan / Sai Kwan / 西關 / 廣州西關 I
SäiGwäan or Sai Kwan (Chinese: 西關; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīguān; Jyutping: Sai1 Gwaan1; literally "West Gate") is a traditional geographical division of Guangzhou, China. It is situated in Liwan District. The north of the area reaches Xicun (Chinese: 西村; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīcūn; Jyutping: Sai1 Cyun1; literally "West Village") and it borders on Renmin Lu (Chinese: 人民路; Mandarin Pinyin: Rénmín Lù; Jyutping: Jan4 Man4 Lou6; literally "People's Rd.") eastwards. And Pearl River lies on its west and south. The area outside the west gate of Guangzhou is collectively called Xiguan in Ming and Qing Dynasty. It is worth mentioning that the name is still in use nowadays.
Contents
[hide]
1 Name
2 Definition
2.1 Narrow Sense
2.2 Broad Sense
2.3 Official Plan
3 Scope
4 Culture
4.1 Accents
4.1.1 Speakers
4.1.2 Differences with Downtown Accent
4.1.2.1 Differences in the Pronunciation of Some Characters
4.1.2.2 Confusion of Consonants n & l
4.1.2.3 Consonant ng
4.1.2.4 Vowels i & ei / ai
4.1.2.5 Dental Consonant
4.1.3 Status
4.1.3.1 Relationship with Downtown Accents (esp. Dongshan Accents)
4.1.3.2 Departed Situation
4.1.4 Controversy
4.1.5 Current Situation
4.1.6 References
4.2 Customs
4.3 Nursery Rhymes
5 Education (Of Former Liwan District)
5.1 Elementary Schools
5.2 High Schools
6 Historical Relics
6.1 National Cultural Heritages (National Historic Sites and Cultural Objects under State Protection)
6.1.1 Chan Clan Academy
6.2 Provincial Cultural Heritages (Provincial Historic Sites and Cultural Objects under Protection)
6.3 Municipal Cultural Heritages (Municipal Historic Sites and Cultural Objects under Protection)
6.3.1 Hualin Temple
6.3.2 Renwei Temple
6.3.3 Jinlun Guild Hall
6.3.4 Five-mouthed Wells
6.3.5 Taihua Building
6.4 Registered Cultural Heritages (Registered Historic Sites and Cultural Objects under Protection)
6.4.1 Wen Tower
6.5 Heritages Preservation Measures
7 Architecture
7.1 Xiguan Residences
7.2 Bamboo Tube Houses
7.3 Granite Streets & Lanes
7.4 Arcades
7.5 Architectural complex on Shamian Island
7.6 Western-style Structures on Changdi & Xidi
8 Food
8.1 Tea Houses
8.1.1 Taotaoju Teahouse
8.1.2 Lianxianglou Teahouse
8.1.3 Xiangzhenlou Teahouse
8.1.4 9 "Ru"s
8.1.5 Guangzhou Restaurant
8.1.6 Panxi Restaurant
8.2 Snacks
8.2.1 Shuangpinai
8.2.2 Ice Cream of Shunji
8.2.3 Tangyuan Served With Green Bean Soup of Kaiji
8.2.4 Shrimp Wonton Noodle of Ouchengji
8.2.5 Jidi Congee of Wuzhanji
8.2.6 Rice Noodle Roll With Beef of Yinji
8.2.7 Sampan Congee
8.3 Eating Etiquettes
9 Population
9.1 Residents
9.1.1 Miss Xiguan
9.1.2 Boat Dwellers (Tanka people)
9.2 Celebrities
10 Geography
10.1 Topography
10.1.1 Erosion Plain
10.1.1.1 Guigang Hillock
10.1.1.2 Fuqiu Reef
10.1.2 Accumulation Plain
10.2 Geology
10.3 Hydrology
10.3.1 Embankments
10.3.1.1 Yong'an Levée
10.3.1.2 Gaoji Levée
10.3.1.3 Xile Levée
10.3.1.4 Daihe Levée
10.3.2 Natural & Artificial Creeks in Xiguan
10.3.2.1 Litchi Bay
10.3.2.2 Xiguan Creek
10.3.2.2.1 Upper Xiguan Creek
10.3.2.2.2 Lower Xiguan Creek
10.3.2.2.3 Liwan Creek
10.3.2.3 Sima Creek & Aokou Creek
10.3.2.4 Liubo Creek
10.3.2.5 Daguan River
10.3.2.6 Shaji Creek
10.3.2.7 Caihong Creek & Liuhua Creek
10.3.3 Changes of Xiguan's Water System
10.3.3.1 Hexi Stream
10.3.3.2 Longjin Creek
10.3.3.3 Xiguan Creek
11 Traffic (Of Former Liwan District)
11.1 Major Trunk Roads
11.2 Bridges & Tunnels
11.3 Buses
11.4 Metro
11.4.1 Line 1
11.4.2 Line 5
11.4.3 Line 6
11.4.4 Line 8
11.4.5 Line 11
12 Administrative Division
12.1 Current Jurisdictional Area
12.1.1 Former Liwan District
12.1.2 Former Fangcun District
13 Economy
13.1 Geographical Advantages
13.2 Agriculture
13.3 Business
13.3.1 Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street
13.3.2 Qingping Market
13.3.3 Xiguan Antique Market
13.3.4 Roads
13.3.4.1 "Fu"
13.3.4.1.1 1st Jin
13.3.4.1.2 2nd Fu
13.3.4.1.3 3rd Fu
13.3.4.1.4 4th Fu
13.3.4.1.5 5th Fu
13.3.4.1.6 6th Fu
13.3.4.1.7 7th Fu
13.3.4.1.8 8th Fu
13.3.4.1.9 9th Fu
13.3.4.1.10 10th Fu
13.3.4.1.11 11th Fu
13.3.4.1.12 12th Fu
13.3.4.1.13 13th Fu
13.3.4.1.14 14th Fu
13.3.4.1.15 15th Fu
13.3.4.1.16 16th Fu
13.3.4.1.17 17th Fu
13.3.4.1.18 18th Fu
13.3.4.1.19 19th Fu
13.3.4.1.20 Streets with "Fu" in Their Names Currently
13.3.4.2 "Yue"
13.3.4.3 Changshou Lu, Dexing Lu, Longjin Lu & Baohua Lu
13.3.4.4 Enning Lu
13.3.4.4.1 Bahe Guild Hall
13.3.4.4.2 Luanyu Hall
13.3.4.5 Guangfu Lu
13.3.4.6 Yaohua Street
13.3.4.7 Liwan Lu
13.3.4.8 Changshou Lu
13.3.4.9 Fengyuan Lu
13.4 Industry
13.4.1 Xicun Industry Zone
13.4.1.1 Provincial Beverage Factory
13.4.1.2 Xicun Power Plant
13.4.1.3 Xicun Sulfuric Acid Plant
13.4.1.4 Current Situation
13.4.2 Xiguan Water Tower
13.4.3 Shamian Water Tower
14 Folklore
14.1 Bai'etan
14.2 Howl of a Stone Lion
14.3 Dongshenfang
14.4 Weaving Machine-underlaying Stone
14.5 Li Wentian
15 Drama & Music
15.1 Songs
15.2 TV Drama
15.2.1 Mainland China
15.2.2 Hong Kong
16 Current Situation
17 Annals
18 See also
19 References
20 Further reading
Name
In the past, Guangzhou, or commonly called the capital of Guangdong Province (Chinese: 省城; Mandarin Pinyin: Shěngchéng; Jyutping: Saang2 Seng4) had 3 city gates respectively on its east, south and west. They are Dongguan (Chinese: 東關; Mandarin Pinyin: Dōngguān; Jyutping: Dung1 Gwaan1; literally "East Gate"), Nanguan (Chinese: 南關; Mandarin Pinyin: Nánguān; Jyutping: Naam4 Gwaan1; literally "South Gate") and Xiguan (Chinese: 西關; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīguān; Jyutping: Sai1 Gwaan1; literally "West Gate"). There are mountains in the north of the city so there was no such thing called Beiguan (Chinese: 北關; Mandarin Pinyin: Běiguān; Jyutping: Bak7 Gwaan1; literally "North Gate"). Guan (Chinese: 關; Mandarin Pinyin: guān; Jyutping: gwaan1) means gate in Chinese. Thus, Xiguan refers to the area outside the west gate of Guangzhou.
The former but more commonly known translation for Xiguan is Sai Kwan (Cantonese Romanisation). Other less often translations are West Kwan, West Gate, West Suburbs, West Outskirts or West Guan. Currently, the official translation is Xiguan in accordance with Hanyu Pinyin, the official system to transcribe Chinese characters into the Roman alphabet.
Definition
Narrow Sense
Xiguan in narrow sense is the authentic Xiguan, the west outskirts of the ancient city, Guangzhou. It is alternatively called Xiyuan (Chinese: 西園; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīyuán; Jyutping: Sai1 Jyun4; literally "West Garden") or Xiguanjiao (Chinese: 西關角; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīguānjiǎo; Jyutping: Sai1 Gwaan1 Gok8; literally "West Gate Corner"). An old slang goes in Guangzhou that Dongcun, Xiqiao, Nanfu, Beipin (Chinese: 東村、西俏、南富、北貧; Mandarin Pinyin: Dōngcn Xīqiào Nánfù Běipín; Jyutping: Dung1 Cyun1, Sai1 Ciu3, Naam4 Fu3, Bak7 Pan5; literally "Villages in the east, smartness in the west, richness in the south, poverty in the north"). In the slang, Xiqiao refers to Xiguan. The north of Xiguan reaches Xicun and it borders on Renmin Lu eastwards. And Pearl River lies on its west and south. That is to say, Xiguan covers former Liwan District excluding Litchi Bay (Chinese: 荔枝灣; Mandarin Pinyin: Lìzhī Wān; Jyutping: Lai6 Zi1 Waan1) and Xicun (Chinese: 西村; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīcūn; Jyutping: Sai1 Cyun1; literally "West Village").
It is worth mentioning that Xiguan lies to the west of Taiping Gate (Chinese: 太平門; Mandarin Pinyin: Tàipíng Mén; Jyutping: Taai3 Ping4 Mun4; literally "Peace and Security Gate"). Xiguan is the suburb of Guangzhou and it was administrated by Nanhai County (Chinese: 南海縣; Mandarin Pinyin: Nánhǎi Xiàn; Jyutping: Naam4 Hoi2 Jyun6-2) rather than Panyu County (Chinese: 番禺縣; Mandarin Pinyin: Pānyú Xiàn; Jyutping: Pun1 Jyu4 Jyun6-2) (covering former Yuexiu District and former Dongshan District). Therefore, it was not regarded as part of the capital of Guangdong Province (Chinese: 省城; Mandarin Pinyin: Shěngchéng; Jyutping: Saang2 Seng4).
Broad Sense
Xiguan in broad sense is also called New Xiguan, referring to either former Liwan District or current Liwan District (covering former Liwan District and former Fangcun District).
Liwan District is orientated by Guangzhou City Government as an urban area of most Lingnan (Chinese: 嶺南; Mandarin Pinyin: Lǐngnán; Jyutping: Ling5 Naam4; literally "Ridge South") characteristics in Guangzhou.
This page mainly introduces Xiguan in narrow sense and slightly mentions about Litchi Bay and Xicun. For further information about Xiguan in broad sense, please read Liwan District.
Official Plan
On October 27th, 2006, in response to the concerned proposal motioned by Guangzhou Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee, Liwan District Government said that Plan on Preserving Traditional Xiguan blocks and Liwan Kaleidoscope (Chinese: 西關傳統街區與荔灣區風情保護規劃) had been approved and adopted, which has defined the scope of Xiguan for the first time.
The north boundary of Xiguan is Zhongshan Qilu (Chinese: 中山七路; Mandarin Pinyin: Zhōngshān Qīlù; Jyutping: Zung1 Saan1 Cat7 Lou8; literally "Sun Yat-sen Rd., 7th") and Zhongshan Balu (Chinese: 中山八路; Mandarin Pinyin: Zhōngshān Bālù; Jyutping: Zung1 Saan1 Baat8 Lou8; literally "Sun Yat-sen Rd., 8th") (thus bring into Chen Clan Academy into Xiguan's scope) and its east one is Renmin Zhonglu (Chinese: 人民中路; Mandarin Pinyin: Rénmín Zhōnglù; Jyutping: Jan4 Man4 Zung1 Lou6; literally "People's Rd., C.") and Renmin Nanlu (Chinese: 人民南路; Mandarin Pinyin: Rénmín Nánlù; Jyutping: Jan4 Man4 Naam4 Lou6; literally "People's Rd., S."). Its south and west reach Pearl River. The division covers an area of 536 hectare (5.36 square metres).
The definition has generally covered Xiguan in narrow sense.
Scope
Xiguan map in 1878. Xiguan was outside the west city wall. Pearl River lies on its west and south and Shamian Island lies in its south.
Former Liwan District comprised Xiguan, Litchi Bay and Xicun. These three parts, which were administrated by Nanhai County before ROC 10 (1921), were outside the west city wall.
Xiguan was outside Taiping Gate on the west city wall (currently Renmin Lu). Its south point reaches the mouth of Xihao (Chinese: 西濠; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīháo; Jyutping: Sai1 Hou4; literally "West Moat") and its north reaches Diyi Jin (Chinese: 第一津; Mandarin Pinyin: Dyī Jn; Jyutping: Dai6 Jat7 Zeon1; literally "1st Quay"). Shamian Island lies in its south. The area from Diyi Jin to Taiping Gate was called Upper Xiguan (Chinese: 上西關; Mandarin Pinyin: Shàng Xīguān; Jyutping: Soeng6 Sai1 Gwaan1) and the area stretching westwards from Guangfu Zhonglu (Chinese: 光復中路; Mandarin Pinyin: Guāngfù Zhōnglù; Jyutping: Gwong1 Fuk9 Zung1 Lou6; literally "Territory Recovery Rd., C.") to Huangsha (Chinese: 黃沙; Mandarin Pinyin: Huángshā; Jyutping: Wong4-2 Saa1; literally "Yellow Beach") and Huagui Lu (Chinese: 華貴路; Mandarin Pinyin: Huáguì Lù; Jyutping: Waa4 Gwai3 Lou6; literally "Dignity & Grace Rd.") was named Lower Xiguan (Chinese: 下西關; Mandarin Pinyin: Xià Xīguān; Jyutping: Haa6 Sai1 Gwaan1).
Litchi Bay refer to the area from outside Xiguan to the riverside of Pearl River, currently from Duobao Lu (Chinese: 多寶路; Mandarin Pinyin: Duōbǎo Lù; Jyutping: Do1 Bou2 Lou6; literally "Treasure Rd."), Longjin Lu (Chinese: 龍津路; Mandarin Pinyin: Lóngjīn Lù; Jyutping: Lung4 Zeon1 Lou6; literally "Dragon Quay Rd.") and Pantang (Chinese: 泮塘; Mandarin Pinyin: Pàntáng; Jyutping: Bun6-3 Tong4-2; literally "Half Pond") to Zhongshan Balu and Liwan Lu (Chinese: 荔灣路; Mandarin Pinyin: Lìwān Lù; Jyutping: Lai6 Waan1 Lou6; literally "Litchi Bay Rd.").
Xicun refers to the area northwest to Xiguan and Litchi Bay.
Culture
Xiguan is the window of Xixue Dongjian (Chinese: 西學東漸; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīxué Dōngjiān; Jyutping: Sai1 Hok9 Dung1 Zim1; literally "Western Learning or Dissemination of Western Learning to the Orient or Western Learning Spreading to the East or Western Learning Introduced Into China") in contemporary South China. It is also one of the cradlelands of Lingnan culture. Xiguan culture is one of the substances of Guangfu (Chinese: 廣府; Mandarin Pinyin: Guǎngfǔ; Jyutping: Gwong2 Fu2; literally "Cantonese") culture.
Accents
Xiguan Accents (Chinese: 西關口音), or Xiguan Dialect (Chinese: 西關話), is an accent or a sub-dialect of Guangzhou Dialect (Chinese: 廣州話 or 廣州方言), Cantonese (Chinese: 粵語). It refers to the accent which people in Xiguan speak in. Cantonese takes Guangzhou Dialect as the standard and Guangzhou Dialect used to take Xiguan Dialect as standard. With an increasing number of outlanders moving in, Xiguan accent can only be heard among the older population and it's near extinction. Apart from including Xiguan accent, Guangzhouhua Zidian (Chinese: 廣州話字典; literally "Guangzhou Dialect Dictionary") also takes in ecdemic accents such as Nanhai's and Hong Kong's.
Xiguan Accents (Xiguan Dialect)
Spoken in Mainland China
Region Xiguan, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province
Total speakers Nearly none
Language family Sino-Tibetan languages
Sinitic languages
Chinese
Cantonese
Guangzhou Dialect
Xiguan Accents (Xiguan Dialect)
Language codes
ISO 639-3 –
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
Speakers
The speakers of Xiguan Accents are mainly native residents in Xiguan in the past. Nowadays, people living in Xiguan have generally lost Xiguan Accents; what they are actually speaking with is the relaxed pronunciation (Chinese: 懶音) of Xiguan Dialect.
Differences with Downtown Accent
Differences in the Pronunciation of Some Characters
Xiguan Accent Downtown Accent English Translation
han3(瞓)覺 (Close to the ancient pronunciation of "睏") fan3(瞓)覺 To sleep
ji1(依)家 ji4(而)家 Now
ji1(依)個 ni1(呢)個 This, these
Confusion of Consonants n & l
Due to Xiguan's anear geographical position to Nanhai, the problem of the confusion of consonants n & l consists in both Xiguan Accents and Nanhai Accents. They mispronounce n as l. Nevertheless, compared with Nanhai Accents, this problem is relatively mild.
Consonant ng
Speakers of Xiguan Accents pronounce zero consonant (Chinese: 零聲母) as the consonant ng, for instance, "屋(uk7)" as "nguk7" and "壓(aat8)" as "ngaat8".
Vowels i & ei / ai
Speakers of Xiguan Accents pronounce vowels ei and ai as i. The phenomenon also lies in Nanhai Accents, such as:
The Character Xiguan Accent Downtown Accent English Translation
使 si2 sai2 To make, to cause, to use
死 si2 sei2 To die
四 si3 sei3 Four
嘶 si1 sai1 (Owing to the Popularization of Mandarin (Chinese: 推廣普通話), an increasing number of people read si1 rather than sai1, influenced by Mandarin) Neigh, hiss
Dental Consonant
Additionally, speakers of Xiguan Accents enhance dental consonants (Chinese: 舌尖齒音). That is to say, downtown people pronounce "知", "雌" and "斯" as [tɕi], [tɕʰi] and [ɕi] (comparatively relaxed in the oral area, close to [tɕ], [tɕʰ] and [ɕ] in IPA; and yet Speakers of Xiguan Accents pronounce [tsi], [tsʰi] and [si] (The tip of tongue pushes up against upper teeth and blocks up air current. Tense in the oral area, similar to zh, ch and sh in Mandarin without rolling tongue). To be precise, dental consonants are similar to the consonants of 左", "初" and "所" (i.e., [ts], [tsʰ] and [s]) in Downtown Accents. In summary, speakers of Xiguan Accents pronounce [tɕ], [tɕʰ] and [ɕ] as [ts], [tsʰ] and [s]. A saying representing Xiguan Accents goes that Servant, take some money to buy some seadless kaki fruits (Chinese: 亞“四”，擰幾毫“紙”，去買啲水“柿”).
Status
Relationship with Downtown Accents (esp. Dongshan Accents)
Xiguan lies to the west of Taiping Gate (Chinese: 太平門; Mandarin Pinyin: Tàipíng Mén; Jyutping: Taai3 Ping4 Mun4; literally "Peace and Security Gate"). Xiguan is the suburb of Guangzhou and it was administrated by Nanhai County (Chinese: 南海縣; Mandarin Pinyin: Nánhǎi Xiàn; Jyutping: Naam4 Hoi2 Jyun6-2) rather than Panyu County (Chinese: 番禺縣; Mandarin Pinyin: Pānyú Xiàn; Jyutping: Pun1 Jyu4 Jyun6-2) (covering former Yuexiu District and former Dongshan District). Therefore, it was not regarded as part of the capital of Guangdong Province (Chinese: 省城; Mandarin Pinyin: Shěngchéng; Jyutping: Saang2 Seng4). Therefore, Xiguan Dialect should be regarded as suburban accents, distinguished from Downtown Accent (Chinese: 城內音), esp. Dongshan Accents (Chinese: 東山口音). Notwithstanding, Xiguan lies close to the capital of Guangdong Province so the gap is narrow.
Departed Situation
雖處城外，西關卻成爲達官貴人的青睞之地。很多富人喜歡把別墅建在西關（成爲今天僅存的西關大屋）。正是因爲如此，西關口音成了富人的標誌，帶西關口音之人非富則貴，西關口音倍受時人尊崇，曾一度被公認為廣州方言的貴族口音。 在推普運動開展前，媒體均以西關音作爲標準音，多雇用來自西關一帶的播音員；粵劇的唱腔咬字也以西關口音為准。大多數語言學家認爲廣州話（又被稱為“省城話”）是粵語主要的一種口語形式，以廣州西關一帶居民的口音為正宗。廣州粵語學者以廣州西關口音為正宗廣州音，廣州話（廣州市地區之粵語）普遍認定為語言學上粵語的代表音。
Controversy
由於舊時西關並不算作省城的一部分，有部分人認爲廣州話不應以西關口音爲標準，而應該是以城內音（特別是東山口音）爲標準。有人甚至認爲西關口音是粵語懶音的源頭實際上，若真的要探求粵語懶音的源頭，那應該是n、l不分的南海音、ng脫落的番禺音和香港早期的懶音。對廣州話以何爲標準暫無定論，但由於西關口音廣泛傳播，且西關後來成爲廣州城的一部分參見荔灣區，經濟較爲發達，大多數語言學家均認爲廣州話應以西關口音爲標準。
Current Situation
雖然西關口音被視為標準廣州話口音，但現在依《廣州音字典》所收字音來看，並沒有專門視西關口音為主收對象，而是以當前珠三角、港澳通用口音為標準。由於中國大陸採取Popularize Mandarin (Chinese: 推廣普通話)的政策，而且改革開放後不少外省人南遷至廣東，加之在香港粵語流行曲、電視及電影的影響下，香港事實上已經取代廣州成為粵語文化的中心。很多西關人連廣州話都講得不好，更不必說西關口音了。另外，隨著西關居民逐漸遷往其他地區（老城區空心化），城市化致使西關部分地區遭拆遷，西關口音漸漸消退、失散，這種以村、鄉為基礎的小範圍方言是粵語分支的一個特色，城市化把一些曾經廣泛存在過的方言消退掉。現在只能從西關老人家和一些致力於文化保育的人士口中聽到西關口音。現今，廣東媒體對粵語的發音問題已不再重視，只有少部分播音員仍然能說一口標準的廣州話（西關口音），例如廣州電視臺《羊城度度有段古》嘉賓主持、廣州説書藝人顏志圖仍帶有濃厚的西關口音。西關口音、東山口音、廣州河南口音已幾乎混為一體，西關口音正逐漸消失。
References
Research Into Cantonese Teaching & Pronunciation (Chinese: 粤語教学與讀音研究) (by Mok Chiu Hung (Chinese: 莫朝雄), Hong Kong Education Publishing House (Chinese: 香港教育出版社), 1961 edition)
Xiguan Accents
Cantonese Association
Cantonese Guild Hall
Cantonese Culture Communication Association
Customs
There are varieties of customs in Xiguan, which are comparatively well conserved among districts in Guangzhou.
Customs during Spring Festival, Ching Ming Festival, Qixi Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Dongzhi Festival (Winter Solstice Festival) are more or less the same as those in other places in Guangzhou.
During Duanwu Festival (alternatively known as Dragon Boat Festival), people in Xiguan watch dragon boat races and eat Zongzi. Male residents row dragon boats.
Nursery Rhymes
肥仔米，肥仔米，肥仔食咗變瘦仔，瘦仔食咗變傻仔。
月光光，照地堂；年卅晚，摘檳榔；檳榔香，嚼子薑；子薑辣，買蒲達[1]；蒲達苦，買豬肚[2]；豬肚肥，買牛皮；牛皮薄，買菱角；菱角尖，買馬鞭；馬鞭長，起屋樑；屋樑高，買張刀；刀切菜，買籮蓋；籮蓋圓，買條船；船浸底，浸親兩個番鬼仔[3]；一個蒲頭[4]，一個浸底[5]；一個摸茨菇，一個摸馬蹄。
月光光，照地堂，蝦仔[6] 你乖乖瞓[7] 落床，聽朝[8] 亞爹要捕魚蝦囉，亞嫲[9] 織網要織到天光。
點蟲蟲，蟲蟲飛，飛到荔枝基；荔枝熟，摘邊[10] buk9[11]，邊buk9啖啖肉[12]。
荔枝熟，摘滿屋；屋滿紅，伴住個細蚊公[13]。
排排坐，食粉果；豬拉柴，狗透火[14]；貓兒擔凳[15] 姑婆坐；坐埋一齊[16] 唱支歌。
“凼凼”(tam4 tam4)轉[17]，菊花園；炒米餅，糯米團；五月初五係龍舟節啊，亞媽佢叫我去睇龍船；我唔[18] 唔去睇，要去睇雞仔；雞仔大，搦[19] 去賣；賣咗[20] 幾多錢？賣咗幾多隻啊？我買隻風車仔，佢[21] 轉得好好睇[22]，睇佢凼凼轉啊菊花園，睇佢凼凼轉啊凼凼轉啊轉。[23]
ABCD，大頭綠衣[24]；捉人唔到，吹BB[25]。[26]
落雨大，水浸街，亞哥擔柴上街賣，亞嫂出街著花鞋，花鞋花襪花腰帶，珍珠蝴蝶兩邊排。
賣懶去，買精歸，賣左懶仔過新年，食過年飯好種田。
賣懶，賣懶，賣到年三十晚，人懶我唔懶。
細蚊仔，soe4[27] 滑梯，因住[28] 跌落嚟[29]；咪[30] 學陳德貴，成日[31] 流鼻涕，跌親[32] 籮柚[33] 唔好睇。
河邊有隻羊，羊邊有隻象，象邊有隻馬騮仔[34]，好似你噉樣[35]。
咬蔗須，要睇毛，短毛輸，長毛贏，冇[36] 毛唔算數。
搣[37] 開柑，數柑核，邊個[38] 核多就邊個贏，唔准手賴就縮骨[39]。
拍大骳[40]，唱山歌，人人話我冇老婆，扚[41] 起心肝娶翻個，有錢娶個嬌嬌女，冇錢娶個豆皮[42] 婆，豆皮婆，食飯食得多，屙[43] 屎屙兩籮，屙尿沖大海，屙屁打銅鑼。
呈沉剪[44]，呈沉包，呈沉糯米叉燒包。老鼠唔食香口膠，要食豆沙包。
伏[45] 匿[46] 匿[47]：一就預備，二就匿埋，三就開盤，四就嚟到，baang4[48] 到算數。
點指兵兵，點指賊賊，點著誰人做大兵，點著誰人做大賊。
估[49] 手指，要估中，邊個唔中，就唔中用，褲浪底[50] 見個窿[51]。
騎牛牛，牛牛走，牛牛響[52] 前咪回頭，若然[53] 回頭就打籮柚[54]。
大眼雞[55]，鹹魚頭，你屙尿，唔洗手。
咕碌咕碌一，咕碌咕碌二，咕碌咕碌三，準備開炮打敵人！
董存瑞，十八歲，為國犧牲炸堡壘，炸到堡壘ngok7 ngok7脆[56]，全國人民流眼淚。
轆[57] 銅仙，打銅錢，全憑眼界手出變，叮響銅錢畀[58] 個仙[59]。
打泥炮，泥炮響，唔使摣[60] 槍上戰場。
折紙機，麻鷹飛，飛嚟飛去唔落地，麻鷹有條尾。
咚啄，酸薑，你亞嫲，纏腳娘。
趌跛跛[61]，跳跳腳，咚咚咚，上跳下跳似麻雀。
趌跛跛，跛咗蹄，冇米煮，煮泥沙，冇屋住，住樓梯，樓梯有只鬼，嚇到你gyun1[62] 落床下底。
伸長手，頂手掌，死人都要頂硬上[63]，ji1牙baang6哨就[64] 貓噉樣。
劈友[65]，劈友，快啲[66] 走，走得快，好世界，走得嚤[67]，冇鼻哥[68]。
鬥遠掟[69] 石頭，因住咪甩[70] 手，石頭最冇眼，掟親唔好眼淚流。
掟磚頭，鬥[71] 大嚿[72]，一掟掟到西門口，濺起浪花拋浪頭。
花手巾[73]，真引人，基邊撈魚好過癮，一兜一條好手運，千祈[74] 唔好踎[75] 到你頭暈。
黐[76] 塘mei1[77]，塘mei1飛，飛到菜田基，田基有條蛇，嚇親你兩仔爺[78]。
煮飯仔仔先落米，風爐透火柴對齊，千祈唔好咁laa2 sai1，我哋系細蚊仔。
一人騎膊馬[79]，兩人騎豬乸[80]，三步要埋頭，撞到面就打。
紅辣椒，綠辣椒，平時你caak8/caat8[81] 嘴miu2 miu2[82]，今日你冇膽同我撩[83]。
鬼叫[84] 你咁貪心，聞咗我個屁，嗍[85]咗入個鼻，我要你賠翻二兩四。
mei6水[86] 底，摸泥沙，摸到泥沙當金龜，摸唔到系契弟[87]。
陳德貴，住得矮，床下底有只鬼，嚇到gyun1臺底。
一二三，三二一，肥婆跳舞頂第一！
過天梯，haa1/hap7[88] 矮仔，人在雲東過到西，唔怕米貴就最怕矮。
黑面李逵，紅面關公，三國水滸亂saai3 lung4[89]，打敗清兵系[90] 英雄。
打棋子，靠眼屎，全憑眼界靠本事，唔好睇錯認gau1[91] 屎[92]。
乞兒[93] 仔，畫烏龜，一人一筆咪亂嚟，最後嗰[94] 個正衰仔！
大笨象，摣支槍，去打仗，打完仗，翻嚟食碗鹹酸薑。
鋼盔個大頭佛，着鞋就唔着襪。
有隻雀仔跌落水，跌落水，有隻雀仔跌落水，被水沖去。
肥仔個頭，大過五層樓[95]，肥仔隻手，細過荷蘭豆。[96]
Education (Of Former Liwan District)
Elementary Schools
Xiguan Peizheng Primary School (Chinese: 西關培正小學)
Xianjidong Primary School (Chinese: 冼基東小學)
Sanyuanfang Primary School (Chinese: 三元坊小學)
Liuhua Lu Primary School (Chinese: 流花路小學)
Dongfeng Xilu No.1 Primary School (Chinese: 東風西路第一小學)
Dongfeng Xilu No.2 Primary School (Chinese: 東風西路第二小學)
Xihua Lu Primary School (Chinese: 西華路小學)
Xinglong Lu Primary School (Chinese: 興隆路小學)
Longjin Xilu Primary School (Chinese: 龍津西路小學)
Huiyuannan Primary School (Chinese: 匯源南小學)
Xilaixi Primary School (Chinese: 西來西小學)
Affiliated Primary School of Guangzhou Normal School (Chinese: 廣州市師範學校附屬小學)
Liwan Lexianfang Primary School (Chinese: 荔灣區樂賢坊小學)
Shamian Primary School (Chinese: 沙面小學)
Guangya Li Primary School (Chinese: 光雅里小學)
Liwan Baoyuan Zhongyue Primary School (Chinese: 荔灣區寶源中約小學)
Wenchang Xiang Primary School (Chinese: 文昌巷小學)
Baohua Primary School (Chinese: 寶華小學)
Ludixi Primary School (Chinese: 蘆荻西小學)
Mingxing Li Primary School (Chinese: 明興里小學)
Huangsha Dadao Primary School (Chinese: 黃沙大道小學)
Renmin Zhonglu Primary School (Chinese: 人民中路小學)
Zhoumen Primary School (Chinese: 周門小學)
Shuangqiao Primary School (Chinese: 雙橋小學)
Liwan Experimental School (Chinese: 荔灣實驗學校)
Huancuiyuan Primary School (Chinese: 環翠園小學)
Zhongshan Balu Primary School (Chinese: 中山八路小學)
Guangya Primary School (Chinese: 廣雅小學)
Huanshi Xilu Primary School (Chinese: 環市西路小學)
Longjin Primary School (Chinese: 龍津小學)
Baohua Peizheng Primary School (Chinese: 寶華培正小學)
Liwan Huaqiao Primary School (Chinese: 荔灣華僑小學)
Liwan Xihua Lu Primary School (Chinese: 荔灣區西華路小學)
Zhuji Lu Primary School (Chinese: 珠璣路小學)
Yaohua Primary School (Chinese: 耀華小學)
Wenchang Primary School (Chinese: 文昌小學)
Jinyan Li Primary School (Chinese: 金雁里小學)
High Schools
Guangdong Guangya Middle School (Chinese: 廣東廣雅中學)
Guangzhou No.4 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第4中學)
Guangzhou Vocational School of Early Childhood Education (Chinese: 廣州市幼兒教育職業高級中學)
Guangzhou No.35 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第35中學)
Guangzhou No.31 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第31中學)
Guangzhou Xiguan Foreign Language School (Chinese: 廣州市西關外國語學校) (former Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第12中學))
Guangzhou No.1 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第1中學)
Guangzhou Xiehe Senior School (Chinese: 廣州市協和高級中學) (former Guangzhou Normal School (Chinese: 廣州市師範學校))
Guangzhou Meihua Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市美華中學) (former Guangzhou No.59 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第59中學))
Guangzhou No.23 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第23中學)
Guangzhou No.36 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第36中學)
Guangzhou No.90 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第90中學) (emerged into Peiying Middle School (Chinese: 培英中學))
Guangzhou Chenjiageng Memorial Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市陳嘉庚紀念中學) (former Guangzhou No.30 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第30中學))
Guangzhou No.23 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第32中學)
Liuhua Middle School (Chinese: 流花中學)
Guangzhou Nanhai Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市南海中學) (former Guangzhou No.11 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第11中學))
Guangzhou No.69 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第69中學) (Closed; afterwards became the campus of Xianjidong Primary School (Chinese: 冼基東小學))
Guangzhou No.24 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第24中學)
Xiguan Peiying Middle School (Chinese: 西關培英中學)
Guangzhou No.100 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第100中學) (emerged into Guangzhou Nanhai Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市南海中學))
Guangzhou Liwan Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市荔湾中學) (former Guangzhou No.43 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第43中學))
Historical Relics
National Cultural Heritages (National Historic Sites and Cultural Objects under State Protection)
There are two National Cultural Heritages in Xiguan:
Architectural complex on Shamian Island (Chinese: 沙面建築群)
Chen Clan Academy (Chinese: 陳家祠)
Chan Clan Academy
Main article:Chen Clan Academy
Chen Clan Academy
陳家祠(Chen Clan Ancestral Hall)，又稱陳氏書院(Chen Clan Academy)，於清光緒十六年(1890年)興建，由黎巨林設計，以其“三雕、三塑、一鑄鐵”而著稱，號稱“百粵冠祠”。
始建時用作廣東各縣陳氏子弟來省城應科舉時學習及住宿場所，也是祭祀祖宗的宗祠。
陳家祠坐落北朝南，為三進院落式佈局，由9座廳堂、6個院落、10座廂房和長廊巷組成。主體建築占地6400平方米，寬80米、深80米，以“三進三路九堂兩廂杪”佈設。
穿插六院八廊，全院的門、窗、屏、牆、欄、梁架、屋脊等處均有精美的各式木雕、石雕、磚雕、灰塑、陶塑、銅鐵鑄等藝術品。
主體建築正門兩邊的外牆上，6幅大型磚雕梁山聚義、梧桐杏柳鳳凰群等。
尤具特色的還有第二進後側長廊上的柚木屏門雙面鏤雕，分別雕有歷代歷史故事和民間傳說“三顧茅廬”、“赤壁之戰”等20幅木雕，被讚譽為“木刻鋼刀雕就的中國歷史故事長廊”。
中路一、二進間的院子內有石欄杆鑲嵌的鐵鑄雙通花欄板“金玉滿堂”、“三羊啟泰” 。
郭沫若曾賦詩讚美陳家祠的建築藝術：“天工人可代，人工天不如。果然造世界，勝讀十年書。”
陳氏書院是全國重點文物保護單位，1996年被評為“廣州十大旅遊美景”之首。
Provincial Cultural Heritages (Provincial Historic Sites and Cultural Objects under Protection)
The are 3 Provincial Cultural Heritages in Xiguan:
Guangya Academy (Chinese: 廣雅書院)
Guangdong Postal Building (Chinese: 廣東郵務大樓)
Guangdong Customs House (Chinese: 粵海關大樓)
Municipal Cultural Heritages (Municipal Historic Sites and Cultural Objects under Protection)
The are 13 Municipal Cultural Heritages in Xiguan:
Hall of the Arhats in Hualin Temple (Chinese: 華林寺羅漢堂)
Martyrs Memorial Monument of Shaji Massacre (Chinese: 沙基慘案烈士紀念碑)
Renwei Temple (Chinese: 仁威廟)
Old pawnshop on Huagui Lu (Chinese: 華貴路舊當鋪)
Taihua Building (Chinese: 泰華樓)
Xiguan Residences (Chinese: 西關大屋建築)
Archaeological site of Barbican and West City Gate of Guangzhou in Ming Dynasty (Ximenkou or West Gate) (Chinese: 廣州明代西城門甕城遺址(西門口))
Jinlun Guild Hall (Chinese: 錦綸會館)
Nanfang Building (or Nanfang Mansion) (Chinese: 南方大廈)
Old pawnshop on Zhongshan Qilu (Chinese: 中山七路舊當鋪)
Old residential buildings (Chinese: 舊民居建築)
Huang Baojian's stone house (Chinese: 黃寶堅石屋)
Five-mouthed Wells (Chinese: 五眼井)
Hualin Temple
Main entrance of Hualin Temple
Hualin Temple (Chinese: 華林寺; Mandarin Pinyin: Huálín Sì; Jyutping: Waa4 Lam4 Zi2) is located in Hualinsi Qianjie (Chinese: 華林寺前街; Mandarin Pinyin: Huálínsì Qiánjiē; Jyutping: Waa4 Lam4 Zi2 Cin4 Gaai1; literally "Hualin Temple Frontstreet"), Xilai Chudi (Chinese: 西來初地; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīlái Chūdì; Jyutping: Sai1 Loi4 Co1 Dei6-2; literally "The first place where a monk from the West (i.e., Bodhidharma) arrived"), Xiajiu Lu (Chinese: 下九路; Mandarin Pinyin: Xiàjiǔ Lù; Jyutping: Haa6 Gau2 Lou6; literally "Lower 9th Rd."). Its predecessor was Xilai Buddhist Convent (Chinese: 西來庵; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīlái Ān; Jyutping: Sai1 Loi4 Am1), set up during Emperor Wu of Liang (Chinese: 梁武帝) years (20s, 6th century), Southern and Northern Dynasties (Chinese: 南北朝) by an Indian eminent monk, Bodhidharma (Chinese: 達摩), after he set up an altar to preach Buddhism. In 1655 (12th year of Shunzhi Emperor (Chinese: 順治帝), Qing Dynasty), Zen Master Zongfu (Chinese: 宗符禪師) initiated its rehabilitation and changed its name to Hualin Temple. There used to be an Gilded Ashoka Pagoda (Chinese: 阿育王塔) and 500 Arhats' statues (Chinese: 五百羅漢像) but some of them were destroyed afterwards.
Arhats' statues in the Hall of the 500 Arhats
Renwei Temple
仁威廟位於龍津西路仁威廟前街，舊泮塘鄉內，占地2200平方米，供奉道教真武帝。初建時稱北帝廟。是當時泮塘恩洲十八鄉最古老和最大的廟字。仁威廟始建于宋代皇佑四年(1052年)於明代天啟二年(1622年)、清代乾隆年間(1736年-1795年)和同治年間(1862年-1874年)有過較大規模的維修。
Jinlun Guild Hall
位於下九路西來新街21號，占地面積700平方米，始建于清雍正元年，有近300年的歷史，是座祠堂式的三進深磚木結構的建築，鍋耳屋的外觀，現館內保留有木雕、磚雕、陶塑、碑刻等。綿綸會館是廣州絲織業(即“錦綸行”)的行業公會，是目前廣州市唯一的行業會館，是近代中國資本主義萌芽的見證。
廣州紡織業起步較早，到明清時已臻成熟，錦綸會館印證了廣州市紡織業的繁榮。廣州全盛期擁有紡織手工業工人3、4萬人之多，而所產絲織品因質地精美而為海外和國內青睞，雍正年間的廣東通志載：“粵緞之質密而勻，其色鮮華，光輝滑澤——金陵，蘇杭皆不及”。現廣州博物館仍藏有數匹當時廣州產的彩緞。廣州紡織業的手工業工人，後來發展成近代的工人階級。
Five-mouthed Wells
Five-mouthed Wells (Chinese: 五眼井; Mandarin Pinyin: Wǔyǎn Jǐng; Jyutping: Ng5 Ngaan5 Zeng2), alternatively known as (Chinese: 五眼泉; Mandarin Pinyin: Wǔyǎn Quán; Jyutping: Ng5 Ngaan5 Cyun4), lie next to Hualin Temple.
Taihua Building
Taihua Building (Chinese: 泰華樓; Mandarin Pinyin: Tàihuá Loú; Jyutping: Taai3 Waa4 Lau4) is located at No.27, Duobao Fang (Chinese: 多寶坊; Mandarin Pinyin: Duōbǎo Fāng; Jyutping: Do1 Bou2 Fong1; literally "Treasure Lane"), Enning Lu. It used to be the study of Li Wentian (Chinese: 李文田), the Tanhua (Chinese: 探花; Mandarin Pinyin: Tànhuā; Jyutping: Taam3 Faa1; literally "No.3 in national civil examinations in feudal China or the 3rd place in imperial examination or No.3 scholar") during Xianfeng Emperor (Chinese: 咸豐帝) years, Qing Dynasty. The building had a collection of 100 thousand books, some of which were lost during Second Sino-Japanese War (Chinese: 抗日戰爭). Moreover, some of the calligraphy works and paintings were took away during Cultural Revolution (Chinese: 文化大革命).
Registered Cultural Heritages (Registered Historic Sites and Cultural Objects under Protection)
The are 11 Registered Cultural Heritages in Xiguan:[97]
Wen Tower (Chinese: 文塔)
Liang Clan Ancestral Hall (Chinese: 梁家祠)
Stele at Qinghao Archaic office of Wenlan Academy (Chinese: 文瀾書院清濠公所石碑)
Stele at Permanent Senate of Senior Official Lu who initiated Yue (Guangdong) (Chinese: 開越陸大夫駐節故址碑)
Taotaoju Tea House (Chinese: 陶陶居)
Lianxianglou Tea House (Chinese: 蓮香樓)
Taying Building (Chinese: 塔影樓)
Former site of Lingnan Institute of Art & Literature (Chinese: 嶺南藝苑舊址)
Guangzhou Restaurant (Chinese: 廣州酒家)
Panxi Restaurant (Chinese: 泮溪酒家)
Xiehe Hall (Chinese: 協和堂)
Wen Tower
With a height of 13 meters, the Wen Tower (Chinese: 文塔; Mandarin Pinyin: Wéntǎ; Jyutping: Man4 Taap8; literally "Pagoda of the God of Culture and Literature") stands in Pantang (Chinese: 泮塘; Mandarin Pinyin: Pàntáng; Jyutping: Bun6-3 Tong4-2; literally "Half Pond"), which used to be the flowery orchard of King Liu (Chinese: 劉王; Mandarin Pinyin: Liúwáng; Jyutping: Lau4 Wong4) in Southern Han (Chinese: 南漢; Mandarin Pinyin: Nánhàn; Jyutping: Naam4 Hon3). It was built to enshrine and worship Wenqu Xing (Chinese: 文曲星; Mandarin Pinyin: Wénq Xng; Jyutping: Man4 Kuk7 Sing1; literally "God of Culture and Literature or scientifically Delta Ursae Majoris") sometime between Mid-Ming Period and Early Qing.
Heritages Preservation Measures
Cultural Heritages Management Office of Liwan District (Chinese: 荔灣區文物管理所) was founded in 1998.
The Cultural Heritages Preservation Liaison System among the District, Subdistricts and residential communities (Chinese: 區、街道、社區三級文物保護聯絡制度) was founded in 2001.
Liwan Government had invested funds of totally 59.383 million RMB yuan to preserve cultural heritages by 2001.
Architecture
西關的特色建築有騎樓、西關大屋以及麻石街巷(青石板路)；沙面、長堤和西堤一帶亦有西洋風格的建築。
從秦漢開始，位於南蠻之地的嶺南先民吸收中原文化，形成富有嶺南特色的建築。近代受西方的建築風格影響，西關的建築出現了新的變化，又融入了西方的元素。
Xiguan Residences
Xiguan Residences (Chinese: 西關大屋; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīguān Dàwū; Jyutping: Sai1 Gwaan1 Daai6 Uk7), which used to be the residences of wealthy businessmen, are the typical representative of vernacular dwellings in Xiguan.
Three-ply Doors complete with replica scenery.
大門一般分為三道(三重門)，廣州人稱“三件頭”。 臨街最外的一道是四扇對開的屏風門(也叫矮腳吊扇門或花門)。屏風門之後是趟櫳push-and-pull bars，趟櫳之後為洋雜木大門，是真正的大門。
西關大屋主要分佈在十八甫富善地區、楊巷、楊仁里、十二甫、寶華地區、逢源地區、寶源地區及多寶地區，在西村地區也略有分佈。
窗戶被稱為“滿州窗”。這種窗戶均等地分為左右三列，每列上下三扇，合共九扇。其開閉方式為上下推拉，各段窗扇可任意推到任何位置。窗上通常鑲嵌有色花玻璃。
西關大屋平面佈局一般為左右對稱，中軸線上為主要廳堂，每廳為一進，全屋一般為二至三進，廳之間用小天井相隔，天井有上蓋，靠天窗採光通風。廳的兩側為偏廳、偏房，大屋子偏房的兩側還有巷，叫“青雲巷”。
Bamboo Tube Houses
竹筒屋是富有嶺南特色的傳統民居，比西關大屋相對簡陋和狹窄。這種建築開間小，進深大，兩者之比由1∶4至1∶8， 由前至後排列以天井間隔的多所房間，形如竹筒。通風、排水及交通主要靠天井和巷道來解決，屋深長則天井相應增多。外觀似為一層，但因層高達4.5 米，故常置夾層，並設樓梯。牆基用石塊砌築，牆身用青磚，山牆承重，木構架，瓦頂。
Granite Streets & Lanes
Granite Streets and Lanes (Chinese: 麻石街巷) were paved with granite, widely distributed around Xiguan Residences.
Arcades
Arcades on Shangxiajiu
Some people claim that arcades (Chinese: 騎樓) in Xiguan correlate closely to the residences of ancient people living in Nanyue (Chinese: 南越). They are considered as the trace of Baiyue (Chinese: 百越) Stilt house (Chinese: 干欄屋).
On the other hand, some people insist that arcades are structures built in 1925 when streets were extended and roads were constructed on a large scale in Guangzhou. Their design is deemed to have derived from ancient Greece.
Arcades connect houses and make a long path for pedestrians to keep out wind, rain and the glare of sunshine. Arcades seem to be exactly designed for the climate in Guangzhou and meanwhile makes it much more convenient for stores to display their goods and attract customers.
Guangzhou style arcades on Shanghai Street, Mong Kok, Hong Kong
This kind of structure has always been the main feature of Guangzhou's commercial atmosphere and has become the sign of Guangdong Street or Canton Street (Chinese: 廣東街) in other places, such as Jinling Donglu (Chinese: 金陵東路) in Shanghai
Arcades in Guangzhou first appeared in the area around Sacred Heart Cathedral (Chinese: 聖心大教堂) on Yide Lu (Chinese: 一德路; Mandarin Pinyin: Yīdé Lù; Jyutping: Jat7 Dak7 Lou6; literally "Yide Rd."). Later, other business quarters in Guangzhou fell over each other in eagerness to imitate the example such as Shangxiajiu (Chinese: 上下九; Mandarin Pinyin: Shàngxiàjiǔ; Jyutping: Soeng6 Haa6 Gau2), Zhongshan Lu, Enning Lu (Chinese: 恩寧路; Mandarin Pinyin: Ēnníng Lù; Jyutping: Jan1 Ning4 Lou6; literally "Enning Rd.") and Renmin Nanlu.
Architectural complex on Shamian Island
Main article: Shamian Island
Church of Our Lady of Lourdes (Catholic church) on Shamian Island
Christ Church Shamian (Protestant church)
沙面原是白鵝潭畔一片沙洲，由珠江上游河道流沙衝擊而成，故名。廣州沙面租界形成於第二次鴉片戰爭期間。1859年，沙面西部44英畝被劃為英租界，東部11英畝為沙面法租界。沙面的大量建築基本上是在19世紀末以後建造的。昌盛時，沙面外國洋行達30多家，一個世紀來有近70座樓宇由14個不同國家用作領事館、銀行、商行和教堂(天主教露德聖母堂和基督新教沙面會堂)。Speaking of architectural forms, buildings on Shamian can be divided into four categories: New Baroque, Neoclassical, Verandah and Pseudo-Gothic.
Architectural complex on Shamian Island
Western-style Structures on Changdi & Xidi
19世紀末20世紀初，廣州沿江的長堤、西堤一帶興建了大型的辦公及商業建築，反映了19世紀西方流行的新古典式的建築風格，保留了希臘、羅馬時期的建築特點。
Food
秦漢以前，西關先民崇雜食。秦漢以後，漢人不斷進入廣州，將中原的飲食與廣州的土著飲食風尚相結合。
俗語有云：“食在廣州，源在泮塘。”地處西關的泮塘氣候適合種植蓮藕、馬蹄(荸薺)、菱角、茭筍、茨菇(被稱為“泮塘五秀”)。
由於中西方的文化衝擊，西關孕育出具有鮮明地方特色的美食。較為有名的是“廣州第一家”(廣州酒家)和“蓮蓉第一家”(蓮香樓)，西關小食還有德昌咸煎餅、池記、超記雲吞面、南信雙皮奶、順記椰子雪糕、開記綠豆沙等。
Tea Houses
西關的茶樓堪稱廣府茶樓的典型及模範。廣州附近四鄉乃至香港、澳門的茶樓均以西關茶樓為榜樣，迄今香港的一些老牌茶樓仍保留有西關茶樓的影子。
清末，西關茶樓的格局並不像今天所見的兩三層樓式，而是青磚石腳，宛如西關大屋模樣，大門也有木門與腳門，內有天井與廂房，能容納客人數量有限。在光緒年間著名的茶樓有十一甫的頤苑、第二甫的榮珍居、第三甫的永安居和第五甫的五柳居等，均在抗日戰爭前湮沒。
20世紀20年代，西關新興起一些新式的茶樓，多為二層甚至三四層的“洋樓”，內部為“竹筒屋”式，即縱向深入，有的還有天井(如陶陶居)，臨街的一面窗用滿洲窗，通爽明亮，座位有卡座及廂房，雅潔舒適。
現存西關歷史較老、保留較典型的茶樓是第十甫的陶陶居及蓮香樓。
Taotaoju Teahouse
Taotaoju Teahouse's signage in Kang Youwei own autograph
Taotaoju Teahouse創建於光緒六年(1880年)，後於1933年由南海譚氏兄弟與陳伯綺合辦改建為混凝土三層大樓，外立面飾以各色灰塑，樓頂尚有六角重簷亭一座。三樓的“霜華小院”是一天井園林。
多有文人騷客趨慕，招牌題字出自清代名人南海康有為之手。陶陶居在100多年前原是一位大戶人家的書院，到了清光緒年間，這間書院已換上“葡萄居”茶樓招牌，專營蘇州風味的酒菜，兼營茶面，後易手由一位陳姓老闆經營，改茶樓字號為陶陶居，寓意來此品茗樂也陶陶。
陶陶居的名菜有化皮乳豬、豬腦魚羹、五彩鮮蝦仁、薑蔥炒肉蟹、西湖菊花魚、手撕鹽焗雞、片皮掛爐鴨、雲腿爽肚、雪裏藏珍等。
Lianxianglou Teahouse
Lianxianglou Teahouse
Lianxianglou Teahouse有“蓮蓉第一家”之稱，開業於1889年，“蓮香樓”三個大字出自清末南海翰林大學士陳如岳之手跡。
始創的純正蓮蓉餡以其品質幼滑、蓮味濃郁而馳名中外。冷凍食品如糯米雞、三絲春卷、蓮蓉蟠桃包、上湯水餃和椰汁年糕獲國家優質產品獎。較為有名的小吃有蓮蓉月餅、老婆餅、嫁女餅、龍鳳餅。
Xiangzhenlou Teahouse
Xiangzhenlou Teahouse祥珍樓創辦於光緒年間，由佛山人譚新義在西門口中山七路建成，樓高三層，門面寬闊。20世紀90年代被拆。
9 "Ru"s
在廣州有九間以“如”字命名的茶樓，人稱“九如”，在西關的則有光復路的“太如樓”及珠璣路的“多如樓”，後者結業於20世紀90年代。
Guangzhou Restaurant
The head office of Guangzhou Restaurant on Wenchang Nanlu
始建於1939年，前身是西南酒家。作為傳統粵菜的代表，廣州酒家素有“食在廣州第一家”之美譽。位於文昌南路的總店外立面採用意大利貴妃紅大理石裝修，建築為回廊式設計，內設大井，種有榕樹。廳房佈局合理，曰“滿漢宮”。名菜有廣州文昌雞、紅棉嘉積鴨、萬花煎釀鴨掌、三色龍蝦、滿漢全筵、五朝華筵等。
Panxi Restaurant
相連荔灣湖公園，是1000多年前南漢王劉鋹的御花園“昌華苑”的故地，也是昔日的“白荷紅荔、五秀飄香”的“荔枝灣”。1947年，粵人李文倫在這片“古之花塢”上創辦了泮溪酒家作為廣州目前三大園林酒家之首，其名菜有八寶冬瓜盅、園林香液雞、七彩併盤等，著名的點心有綠茵白兔餃、蜂巢芋角、泮塘馬蹄糕、脆皮三色卷等。泮溪酒家有40種菜式和點心在全國、省、市烹飪比賽中獲獎。
Snacks
Delicacies which have earned the title of Chinese Famous Food (Chinese: 中華名小吃) are as follows: Peanut & Sesame Filled Cake (Chinese: 榮華麻香酥) of Ronghua Teahouse (Chinese: 榮華酒樓), Shuangpinai (Chinese: 雙皮奶) and Milk With Ginger Juice (Chinese: 薑撞奶) of Nanxin (Chinese: 南信), Shrimp Wonton (Chinese: 上湯鮮蝦雲吞) of Ouchengji (Chinese: 歐成記), Jidi Congee (Chinese: 及第粥) of Wuzhanji (Chinese: 伍湛記), Ginger Juice & Milk Custard Tart (Chinese: 薑汁奶撻) of Qingping Restaurant (Chinese: 清平飯店), Sweetheart Cake (Chinese: 老婆餅) of Lianxianglou Teahouse (Chinese: 蓮香樓), Rice Noodle Roll With Beef (Chinese: 牛肉腸) of Yinji (Chinese: 銀記) and Goose Liver Boiled Dumplings (Chinese: 鴨肝水餃) of Jinzhongge (Chinese: 金鐘閣).
Delicacies which have earned the title of Guangzhou Famous Food (Chinese: 廣州市名牌美食) are as follows: Milk With Ginger Juice (Chinese: 薑撞奶) of Xinghualou Teahouse (Chinese: 杏花樓), Milk Paste (Chinese: 奶糊) of Fenghuang (Chinese: 鳳凰; literally "Pheonix Restaurant"), Sesame Paste Sweet Dumplings (Chinese: 麻蓉湯丸) of Rongde (Chinese: 榮德), Sachima (Chinese: 薩其馬) of Satangji (Chinese: 薩棠記), Sampan Congee (Chinese: 艇仔粥), Salty Pancake (Chinese: 咸煎餅) of Dechang (Chinese: 德昌), Stuffed Glutinous Rice Dumpling (Chinese: 裹蒸粽) and Burst(Laughing) Deep-fried Pastry Ball (Chinese: 笑口棗) of Liangyingji (Chinese: 梁英記), White Sugar Lunjiao Cake (Chinese: 白糖倫教糕) of Guohua (Chinese: 國華), Coconut Ice Cream (Chinese: 椰子雪糕) and Grass Jelly (Chinese: 涼粉) of Shunji Bingshi (Chinese: 順記冰室).
It is worth mentioning that the Chinese character Ji (Chinese: 記; Mandarin Pinyin: Jì; Jyutping: Gei3) is often used in a restaurant's signage, often following the owner's name. For instance, Kaiji (Chinese: 開記) is named this way because of its owner's name KAI (Chinese: 開), Ye Jiankai(Chinese: 葉健開).
Shuangpinai
Shuangpinai (Chinese: 雙皮奶; Mandarin Pinyin: Shuāngpínǎi; Jyutping: Soeng1 Pei4 Naai5; literally "Double Skin Milk or Double Skin Milk-Jelly or Steamed Milk in 2 Films or Double-cream Milk or Stewed Milk Beancurd or Milk Custard") in Daliang (Chinese: 大良), Shunde (Chinese: 順德) owns a most famous reputation. The founder of Nanxin (Chinese: 南信) comes from Shunde, and set up a shop in Guangzhou in 1943.
Ice Cream of Shunji
Coconut ice cream of Shunji Bingshi (Chinese: 順記冰室; literally "Shunji Restaurant which offers frozen dessert") is a well-known Xiguan snack. The restaurant was set up by a hawker named Lu Shun (Chinese: 呂順) in 20s, 20th century. Coconut juice extracted from fresh coconut meat, diluted milk, eggs and refined white sugar are ingredients. The delicacies of Shunji were tasted by heads of foreign states and honoured guests such as Norodom Sihanouk from Cambodia in 50s and 60s, 20th century. The restaurant has acquired the title of Guangzhou Famous Food (Chinese: 廣州市名牌美食) since 1956.
Tangyuan Served With Green Bean Soup of Kaiji
Kaiji (Chinese: 開記) is located on Longjin Donglu (Chinese: 龍津東路; Mandarin Pinyin: Lóngjīn Dōnglù; Jyutping: Lung4 Zeon1 Dung1 Lou6; literally "Dragon Quay Rd., E."). Its owner is Ye Jiankai (Chinese: 葉健開) and he is jokingly called Dousha Kai (Chinese: 豆沙開; literally "Sweetened Bean Paste Kai") because of the restaurant's food. Kaiji's Tangyuan (sweet dumplings) served with green bean soup (Chinese: 綠豆沙湯丸) and Vanilla green bean soup clear away diners' heat and toxic material and earn a high reputation in Guangzhou. The shop is Ye's grandfather's legacy.
Shrimp Wonton Noodle of Ouchengji
Shrimp Wonton Noodle (Chinese: 鮮蝦雲吞面) of Ouchengji (Chinese: 歐成記) is famous. The soup served with this delicacy is the double-stewed soup (Chinese: 老火湯) made of shrimp-roe, flounder and pig bones. Fresh pork, shrimp and eggs are used in stuffing of the wontons. The wonton wrapper is so thin that wontons appear carneous after being cooked thoroughly, thus called glass wontons (Chinese: 玻璃雲吞).
Jidi Congee of Wuzhanji
Jidi Congee (Chinese: 及第粥; literally "Graduates passing an imperial examination Congee") of Wuzhanji (Chinese: 伍湛記), alternatively called Sanyuan Jidi Congee (Chinese: 三元及第粥; literally "Graduates of three governmental examinations Congee"), has been famous since Republic of China. Located in Wenchang Xiang (Chinese: 文昌巷; literally "Elegance & Prosperity Lane"), the restaurant is famous for its variety of congee, Jidi the congee in particular. This congee contains dried beancurd stick, gingko and flounder. The congee is also called Sanyuan Jidi Congee for the reason that the numbers of its ingredients in each bowl, namely pork balls, pork liver slices and pork intestine slices correspond respectively to the numbers of Zhuangyuan (Chinese: 狀元; literally "Number One Scholar in feudal Chinese examinations"), Bangyan (Chinese: 榜眼; literally "Number Two Scholar in feudal Chinese examinations") and Tanhua (Chinese: 探花; literally "Number Three Scholar in feudal Chinese examinations"). Wuzhanji's Jidi Congee earned the title of Chinese Famous Food (Chinese: 中華名小吃) in 1997.
Rice Noodle Roll With Beef of Yinji
Rice Noodle Roll (Chinese: 布拉腸 or 拉腸) was originated by Hexianguan Restaurant (Chinese: 荷仙館) in Pantang during Second Sino-Japanese War and it has been a must in Guangzhou's restaurants. Rice Noodle Roll With Beef (Chinese: 牛肉腸) of Yinji (Chinese: 銀記) is the most famous among all. Rice milk is steamed into rice pellicle with meat smash, fillet and pork liver on it and the pellicle is rolled and then cut apart.
Sampan Congee
Sampan Congee (Chinese: 艇仔粥) comes from Litchi Bay. It is called Sampan Congee because it was sold by Tanka people on sampans. Its ingredients used to be only river prawns and slices of fish meat. Now it has become a commonly seen snack and has gradually become dishes in restaurants and hotels. Its ingredients are unceasingly updated, with salted jellyfish, peanuts and fried vermicelli.
Eating Etiquettes
People in Xiguan pay particular attention to eating etiquettes, especially in tea houses. They don't swear and they keep courteous to each other to express their gratitude. When pouring tea, they only pour tea to 80% of the cup. Furthermore, they devote particular care to gestures when pouring tea or wine and when picking up food with chopsticks and spoons.
They use diffrent vessels when dishing up different dishes and different cups when different kinds of wine are filled with.
Diners, especially businessmen, kill time as well as pry into market quotations, taking the advantage of dining.
Population
In the past, gentle and simple, honour and low were trenchant in Xiguan. The disparity between rich and poor was wide. An old proverb rang a bell in Guangzhou that Ladies in Xiguan, Gentlemen in Dongshan and riffraffs in Henan (Chinese: 西關小姐，東山少爺，河南地痞).
Residents
自秦統一嶺南之後，中原人大批遷入廣州，原來的土著離城遷到城外的西關居住。地道的西關人家一般均為大家族，一些富庶雍容的財主大戶，一派博古好雅的書香門第，或是字畫世家。
西關河叉交錯，以田園為主。當時廣州城每天晚上都要關閉城門，商賈和文人墨客都不願住在城中，相繼搬到西關落戶，使西關逐日繁喧熱鬧起來，成為廣州城郊經濟最發達的黃金旺地。
在舊西關，居住的人家有階層、群落的相對劃分。有錢的商賈、體面的文人雅士大多聚居在十三行一帶以及荔枝灣一帶。無錢短勢的窮苦百姓、草根階層，為方便打工則集中居住在西門口、金花地區和高基一帶。泮塘一帶則居住著鄉村人口。
清乾隆二十二年(1757年)至道光(1842年)，廣州是中國當時惟一的對外貿易口岸，清政府嚴禁外國人進入廣州城，外國商人只能在十三行商館(亦稱夷館)居住。直至今天，仍有不少外國遊客居住於沙面(白天鵝酒店)，沙面被洋人稱為“西人街(Foreign Town)”。
Miss Xiguan
西關小姐是20世纪初对西關一帶的富家女子的稱謂，是西關文化的一個重要象征。因西關是資本家居住集中地，住在西關曾是身份象徵，廣州有俗語云「東山少爺、西關小姐」。西關小姐是西關文化的一個重要象徵。受經濟發展影響，該地區比較注重教育，西關小姐多為飽讀詩書的富家小姐。西關小姐在文化內涵上的內在美，和衣着打扮上的外在美，是構成其與別不同特質的一個重要因素。
Boat Dwellers (Tanka people)
廣州人稱水上居民為疍民。廣州河網密集，既有航運、漁業的條件，又有迎送過江人們的需要，因而珠江河畔彙集的水上艇戶十分稠密。小艇既是水上居民的生產工具，又是他們的居所。 西關面積不大，而當年的海岸線卻超過4公里，加上西部是河網區，因此水上居民近5000戶[98]。
1954年，時任國務院總理周恩來到現今鵝潭視察水上居民的生活情況，表示廣州市人民政府和荔灣區人民政府的領導要為水上居民建好陸上住宅。
1958年初，廣州市政府撥款在荔灣涌邊建成兩棟三層的水上居民宿舍，有70戶水上居民遷往新居，為廣州市最早為水上居民建造的陸上住宅。時任廣州市長朱光到該處探望遷入新居的水上居民。
1961年，新一批二層居民住宅樓在中山七路落成，106戶504名水上居民在春節前遷進了新居。
------------------------
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiguan
SäiGwäan or Sai Kwan (Chinese: 西關; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīguān; Jyutping: Sai1 Gwaan1; literally "West Gate") is a traditional geographical division of Guangzhou, China. It is situated in Liwan District. The north of the area reaches Xicun (Chinese: 西村; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīcūn; Jyutping: Sai1 Cyun1; literally "West Village") and it borders on Renmin Lu (Chinese: 人民路; Mandarin Pinyin: Rénmín Lù; Jyutping: Jan4 Man4 Lou6; literally "People's Rd.") eastwards. And Pearl River lies on its west and south. The area outside the west gate of Guangzhou is collectively called Xiguan in Ming and Qing Dynasty. It is worth mentioning that the name is still in use nowadays.
Contents
[hide]
1 Name
2 Definition
2.1 Narrow Sense
2.2 Broad Sense
2.3 Official Plan
3 Scope
4 Culture
4.1 Accents
4.1.1 Speakers
4.1.2 Differences with Downtown Accent
4.1.2.1 Differences in the Pronunciation of Some Characters
4.1.2.2 Confusion of Consonants n & l
4.1.2.3 Consonant ng
4.1.2.4 Vowels i & ei / ai
4.1.2.5 Dental Consonant
4.1.3 Status
4.1.3.1 Relationship with Downtown Accents (esp. Dongshan Accents)
4.1.3.2 Departed Situation
4.1.4 Controversy
4.1.5 Current Situation
4.1.6 References
4.2 Customs
4.3 Nursery Rhymes
5 Education (Of Former Liwan District)
5.1 Elementary Schools
5.2 High Schools
6 Historical Relics
6.1 National Cultural Heritages (National Historic Sites and Cultural Objects under State Protection)
6.1.1 Chan Clan Academy
6.2 Provincial Cultural Heritages (Provincial Historic Sites and Cultural Objects under Protection)
6.3 Municipal Cultural Heritages (Municipal Historic Sites and Cultural Objects under Protection)
6.3.1 Hualin Temple
6.3.2 Renwei Temple
6.3.3 Jinlun Guild Hall
6.3.4 Five-mouthed Wells
6.3.5 Taihua Building
6.4 Registered Cultural Heritages (Registered Historic Sites and Cultural Objects under Protection)
6.4.1 Wen Tower
6.5 Heritages Preservation Measures
7 Architecture
7.1 Xiguan Residences
7.2 Bamboo Tube Houses
7.3 Granite Streets & Lanes
7.4 Arcades
7.5 Architectural complex on Shamian Island
7.6 Western-style Structures on Changdi & Xidi
8 Food
8.1 Tea Houses
8.1.1 Taotaoju Teahouse
8.1.2 Lianxianglou Teahouse
8.1.3 Xiangzhenlou Teahouse
8.1.4 9 "Ru"s
8.1.5 Guangzhou Restaurant
8.1.6 Panxi Restaurant
8.2 Snacks
8.2.1 Shuangpinai
8.2.2 Ice Cream of Shunji
8.2.3 Tangyuan Served With Green Bean Soup of Kaiji
8.2.4 Shrimp Wonton Noodle of Ouchengji
8.2.5 Jidi Congee of Wuzhanji
8.2.6 Rice Noodle Roll With Beef of Yinji
8.2.7 Sampan Congee
8.3 Eating Etiquettes
9 Population
9.1 Residents
9.1.1 Miss Xiguan
9.1.2 Boat Dwellers (Tanka people)
9.2 Celebrities
10 Geography
10.1 Topography
10.1.1 Erosion Plain
10.1.1.1 Guigang Hillock
10.1.1.2 Fuqiu Reef
10.1.2 Accumulation Plain
10.2 Geology
10.3 Hydrology
10.3.1 Embankments
10.3.1.1 Yong'an Levée
10.3.1.2 Gaoji Levée
10.3.1.3 Xile Levée
10.3.1.4 Daihe Levée
10.3.2 Natural & Artificial Creeks in Xiguan
10.3.2.1 Litchi Bay
10.3.2.2 Xiguan Creek
10.3.2.2.1 Upper Xiguan Creek
10.3.2.2.2 Lower Xiguan Creek
10.3.2.2.3 Liwan Creek
10.3.2.3 Sima Creek & Aokou Creek
10.3.2.4 Liubo Creek
10.3.2.5 Daguan River
10.3.2.6 Shaji Creek
10.3.2.7 Caihong Creek & Liuhua Creek
10.3.3 Changes of Xiguan's Water System
10.3.3.1 Hexi Stream
10.3.3.2 Longjin Creek
10.3.3.3 Xiguan Creek
11 Traffic (Of Former Liwan District)
11.1 Major Trunk Roads
11.2 Bridges & Tunnels
11.3 Buses
11.4 Metro
11.4.1 Line 1
11.4.2 Line 5
11.4.3 Line 6
11.4.4 Line 8
11.4.5 Line 11
12 Administrative Division
12.1 Current Jurisdictional Area
12.1.1 Former Liwan District
12.1.2 Former Fangcun District
13 Economy
13.1 Geographical Advantages
13.2 Agriculture
13.3 Business
13.3.1 Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street
13.3.2 Qingping Market
13.3.3 Xiguan Antique Market
13.3.4 Roads
13.3.4.1 "Fu"
13.3.4.1.1 1st Jin
13.3.4.1.2 2nd Fu
13.3.4.1.3 3rd Fu
13.3.4.1.4 4th Fu
13.3.4.1.5 5th Fu
13.3.4.1.6 6th Fu
13.3.4.1.7 7th Fu
13.3.4.1.8 8th Fu
13.3.4.1.9 9th Fu
13.3.4.1.10 10th Fu
13.3.4.1.11 11th Fu
13.3.4.1.12 12th Fu
13.3.4.1.13 13th Fu
13.3.4.1.14 14th Fu
13.3.4.1.15 15th Fu
13.3.4.1.16 16th Fu
13.3.4.1.17 17th Fu
13.3.4.1.18 18th Fu
13.3.4.1.19 19th Fu
13.3.4.1.20 Streets with "Fu" in Their Names Currently
13.3.4.2 "Yue"
13.3.4.3 Changshou Lu, Dexing Lu, Longjin Lu & Baohua Lu
13.3.4.4 Enning Lu
13.3.4.4.1 Bahe Guild Hall
13.3.4.4.2 Luanyu Hall
13.3.4.5 Guangfu Lu
13.3.4.6 Yaohua Street
13.3.4.7 Liwan Lu
13.3.4.8 Changshou Lu
13.3.4.9 Fengyuan Lu
13.4 Industry
13.4.1 Xicun Industry Zone
13.4.1.1 Provincial Beverage Factory
13.4.1.2 Xicun Power Plant
13.4.1.3 Xicun Sulfuric Acid Plant
13.4.1.4 Current Situation
13.4.2 Xiguan Water Tower
13.4.3 Shamian Water Tower
14 Folklore
14.1 Bai'etan
14.2 Howl of a Stone Lion
14.3 Dongshenfang
14.4 Weaving Machine-underlaying Stone
14.5 Li Wentian
15 Drama & Music
15.1 Songs
15.2 TV Drama
15.2.1 Mainland China
15.2.2 Hong Kong
16 Current Situation
17 Annals
18 See also
19 References
20 Further reading
Name
In the past, Guangzhou, or commonly called the capital of Guangdong Province (Chinese: 省城; Mandarin Pinyin: Shěngchéng; Jyutping: Saang2 Seng4) had 3 city gates respectively on its east, south and west. They are Dongguan (Chinese: 東關; Mandarin Pinyin: Dōngguān; Jyutping: Dung1 Gwaan1; literally "East Gate"), Nanguan (Chinese: 南關; Mandarin Pinyin: Nánguān; Jyutping: Naam4 Gwaan1; literally "South Gate") and Xiguan (Chinese: 西關; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīguān; Jyutping: Sai1 Gwaan1; literally "West Gate"). There are mountains in the north of the city so there was no such thing called Beiguan (Chinese: 北關; Mandarin Pinyin: Běiguān; Jyutping: Bak7 Gwaan1; literally "North Gate"). Guan (Chinese: 關; Mandarin Pinyin: guān; Jyutping: gwaan1) means gate in Chinese. Thus, Xiguan refers to the area outside the west gate of Guangzhou.
The former but more commonly known translation for Xiguan is Sai Kwan (Cantonese Romanisation). Other less often translations are West Kwan, West Gate, West Suburbs, West Outskirts or West Guan. Currently, the official translation is Xiguan in accordance with Hanyu Pinyin, the official system to transcribe Chinese characters into the Roman alphabet.
Definition
Narrow Sense
Xiguan in narrow sense is the authentic Xiguan, the west outskirts of the ancient city, Guangzhou. It is alternatively called Xiyuan (Chinese: 西園; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīyuán; Jyutping: Sai1 Jyun4; literally "West Garden") or Xiguanjiao (Chinese: 西關角; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīguānjiǎo; Jyutping: Sai1 Gwaan1 Gok8; literally "West Gate Corner"). An old slang goes in Guangzhou that Dongcun, Xiqiao, Nanfu, Beipin (Chinese: 東村、西俏、南富、北貧; Mandarin Pinyin: Dōngcn Xīqiào Nánfù Běipín; Jyutping: Dung1 Cyun1, Sai1 Ciu3, Naam4 Fu3, Bak7 Pan5; literally "Villages in the east, smartness in the west, richness in the south, poverty in the north"). In the slang, Xiqiao refers to Xiguan. The north of Xiguan reaches Xicun and it borders on Renmin Lu eastwards. And Pearl River lies on its west and south. That is to say, Xiguan covers former Liwan District excluding Litchi Bay (Chinese: 荔枝灣; Mandarin Pinyin: Lìzhī Wān; Jyutping: Lai6 Zi1 Waan1) and Xicun (Chinese: 西村; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīcūn; Jyutping: Sai1 Cyun1; literally "West Village").
It is worth mentioning that Xiguan lies to the west of Taiping Gate (Chinese: 太平門; Mandarin Pinyin: Tàipíng Mén; Jyutping: Taai3 Ping4 Mun4; literally "Peace and Security Gate"). Xiguan is the suburb of Guangzhou and it was administrated by Nanhai County (Chinese: 南海縣; Mandarin Pinyin: Nánhǎi Xiàn; Jyutping: Naam4 Hoi2 Jyun6-2) rather than Panyu County (Chinese: 番禺縣; Mandarin Pinyin: Pānyú Xiàn; Jyutping: Pun1 Jyu4 Jyun6-2) (covering former Yuexiu District and former Dongshan District). Therefore, it was not regarded as part of the capital of Guangdong Province (Chinese: 省城; Mandarin Pinyin: Shěngchéng; Jyutping: Saang2 Seng4).
Broad Sense
Xiguan in broad sense is also called New Xiguan, referring to either former Liwan District or current Liwan District (covering former Liwan District and former Fangcun District).
Liwan District is orientated by Guangzhou City Government as an urban area of most Lingnan (Chinese: 嶺南; Mandarin Pinyin: Lǐngnán; Jyutping: Ling5 Naam4; literally "Ridge South") characteristics in Guangzhou.
This page mainly introduces Xiguan in narrow sense and slightly mentions about Litchi Bay and Xicun. For further information about Xiguan in broad sense, please read Liwan District.
Official Plan
On October 27th, 2006, in response to the concerned proposal motioned by Guangzhou Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee, Liwan District Government said that Plan on Preserving Traditional Xiguan blocks and Liwan Kaleidoscope (Chinese: 西關傳統街區與荔灣區風情保護規劃) had been approved and adopted, which has defined the scope of Xiguan for the first time.
The north boundary of Xiguan is Zhongshan Qilu (Chinese: 中山七路; Mandarin Pinyin: Zhōngshān Qīlù; Jyutping: Zung1 Saan1 Cat7 Lou8; literally "Sun Yat-sen Rd., 7th") and Zhongshan Balu (Chinese: 中山八路; Mandarin Pinyin: Zhōngshān Bālù; Jyutping: Zung1 Saan1 Baat8 Lou8; literally "Sun Yat-sen Rd., 8th") (thus bring into Chen Clan Academy into Xiguan's scope) and its east one is Renmin Zhonglu (Chinese: 人民中路; Mandarin Pinyin: Rénmín Zhōnglù; Jyutping: Jan4 Man4 Zung1 Lou6; literally "People's Rd., C.") and Renmin Nanlu (Chinese: 人民南路; Mandarin Pinyin: Rénmín Nánlù; Jyutping: Jan4 Man4 Naam4 Lou6; literally "People's Rd., S."). Its south and west reach Pearl River. The division covers an area of 536 hectare (5.36 square metres).
The definition has generally covered Xiguan in narrow sense.
Scope
Xiguan map in 1878. Xiguan was outside the west city wall. Pearl River lies on its west and south and Shamian Island lies in its south.
Former Liwan District comprised Xiguan, Litchi Bay and Xicun. These three parts, which were administrated by Nanhai County before ROC 10 (1921), were outside the west city wall.
Xiguan was outside Taiping Gate on the west city wall (currently Renmin Lu). Its south point reaches the mouth of Xihao (Chinese: 西濠; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīháo; Jyutping: Sai1 Hou4; literally "West Moat") and its north reaches Diyi Jin (Chinese: 第一津; Mandarin Pinyin: Dyī Jn; Jyutping: Dai6 Jat7 Zeon1; literally "1st Quay"). Shamian Island lies in its south. The area from Diyi Jin to Taiping Gate was called Upper Xiguan (Chinese: 上西關; Mandarin Pinyin: Shàng Xīguān; Jyutping: Soeng6 Sai1 Gwaan1) and the area stretching westwards from Guangfu Zhonglu (Chinese: 光復中路; Mandarin Pinyin: Guāngfù Zhōnglù; Jyutping: Gwong1 Fuk9 Zung1 Lou6; literally "Territory Recovery Rd., C.") to Huangsha (Chinese: 黃沙; Mandarin Pinyin: Huángshā; Jyutping: Wong4-2 Saa1; literally "Yellow Beach") and Huagui Lu (Chinese: 華貴路; Mandarin Pinyin: Huáguì Lù; Jyutping: Waa4 Gwai3 Lou6; literally "Dignity & Grace Rd.") was named Lower Xiguan (Chinese: 下西關; Mandarin Pinyin: Xià Xīguān; Jyutping: Haa6 Sai1 Gwaan1).
Litchi Bay refer to the area from outside Xiguan to the riverside of Pearl River, currently from Duobao Lu (Chinese: 多寶路; Mandarin Pinyin: Duōbǎo Lù; Jyutping: Do1 Bou2 Lou6; literally "Treasure Rd."), Longjin Lu (Chinese: 龍津路; Mandarin Pinyin: Lóngjīn Lù; Jyutping: Lung4 Zeon1 Lou6; literally "Dragon Quay Rd.") and Pantang (Chinese: 泮塘; Mandarin Pinyin: Pàntáng; Jyutping: Bun6-3 Tong4-2; literally "Half Pond") to Zhongshan Balu and Liwan Lu (Chinese: 荔灣路; Mandarin Pinyin: Lìwān Lù; Jyutping: Lai6 Waan1 Lou6; literally "Litchi Bay Rd.").
Xicun refers to the area northwest to Xiguan and Litchi Bay.
Culture
Xiguan is the window of Xixue Dongjian (Chinese: 西學東漸; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīxué Dōngjiān; Jyutping: Sai1 Hok9 Dung1 Zim1; literally "Western Learning or Dissemination of Western Learning to the Orient or Western Learning Spreading to the East or Western Learning Introduced Into China") in contemporary South China. It is also one of the cradlelands of Lingnan culture. Xiguan culture is one of the substances of Guangfu (Chinese: 廣府; Mandarin Pinyin: Guǎngfǔ; Jyutping: Gwong2 Fu2; literally "Cantonese") culture.
Accents
Xiguan Accents (Chinese: 西關口音), or Xiguan Dialect (Chinese: 西關話), is an accent or a sub-dialect of Guangzhou Dialect (Chinese: 廣州話 or 廣州方言), Cantonese (Chinese: 粵語). It refers to the accent which people in Xiguan speak in. Cantonese takes Guangzhou Dialect as the standard and Guangzhou Dialect used to take Xiguan Dialect as standard. With an increasing number of outlanders moving in, Xiguan accent can only be heard among the older population and it's near extinction. Apart from including Xiguan accent, Guangzhouhua Zidian (Chinese: 廣州話字典; literally "Guangzhou Dialect Dictionary") also takes in ecdemic accents such as Nanhai's and Hong Kong's.
Xiguan Accents (Xiguan Dialect)
Spoken in Mainland China
Region Xiguan, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province
Total speakers Nearly none
Language family Sino-Tibetan languages
Sinitic languages
Chinese
Cantonese
Guangzhou Dialect
Xiguan Accents (Xiguan Dialect)
Language codes
ISO 639-3 –
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
Speakers
The speakers of Xiguan Accents are mainly native residents in Xiguan in the past. Nowadays, people living in Xiguan have generally lost Xiguan Accents; what they are actually speaking with is the relaxed pronunciation (Chinese: 懶音) of Xiguan Dialect.
Differences with Downtown Accent
Differences in the Pronunciation of Some Characters
Xiguan Accent Downtown Accent English Translation
han3(瞓)覺 (Close to the ancient pronunciation of "睏") fan3(瞓)覺 To sleep
ji1(依)家 ji4(而)家 Now
ji1(依)個 ni1(呢)個 This, these
Confusion of Consonants n & l
Due to Xiguan's anear geographical position to Nanhai, the problem of the confusion of consonants n & l consists in both Xiguan Accents and Nanhai Accents. They mispronounce n as l. Nevertheless, compared with Nanhai Accents, this problem is relatively mild.
Consonant ng
Speakers of Xiguan Accents pronounce zero consonant (Chinese: 零聲母) as the consonant ng, for instance, "屋(uk7)" as "nguk7" and "壓(aat8)" as "ngaat8".
Vowels i & ei / ai
Speakers of Xiguan Accents pronounce vowels ei and ai as i. The phenomenon also lies in Nanhai Accents, such as:
The Character Xiguan Accent Downtown Accent English Translation
使 si2 sai2 To make, to cause, to use
死 si2 sei2 To die
四 si3 sei3 Four
嘶 si1 sai1 (Owing to the Popularization of Mandarin (Chinese: 推廣普通話), an increasing number of people read si1 rather than sai1, influenced by Mandarin) Neigh, hiss
Dental Consonant
Additionally, speakers of Xiguan Accents enhance dental consonants (Chinese: 舌尖齒音). That is to say, downtown people pronounce "知", "雌" and "斯" as [tɕi], [tɕʰi] and [ɕi] (comparatively relaxed in the oral area, close to [tɕ], [tɕʰ] and [ɕ] in IPA; and yet Speakers of Xiguan Accents pronounce [tsi], [tsʰi] and [si] (The tip of tongue pushes up against upper teeth and blocks up air current. Tense in the oral area, similar to zh, ch and sh in Mandarin without rolling tongue). To be precise, dental consonants are similar to the consonants of 左", "初" and "所" (i.e., [ts], [tsʰ] and [s]) in Downtown Accents. In summary, speakers of Xiguan Accents pronounce [tɕ], [tɕʰ] and [ɕ] as [ts], [tsʰ] and [s]. A saying representing Xiguan Accents goes that Servant, take some money to buy some seadless kaki fruits (Chinese: 亞“四”，擰幾毫“紙”，去買啲水“柿”).
Status
Relationship with Downtown Accents (esp. Dongshan Accents)
Xiguan lies to the west of Taiping Gate (Chinese: 太平門; Mandarin Pinyin: Tàipíng Mén; Jyutping: Taai3 Ping4 Mun4; literally "Peace and Security Gate"). Xiguan is the suburb of Guangzhou and it was administrated by Nanhai County (Chinese: 南海縣; Mandarin Pinyin: Nánhǎi Xiàn; Jyutping: Naam4 Hoi2 Jyun6-2) rather than Panyu County (Chinese: 番禺縣; Mandarin Pinyin: Pānyú Xiàn; Jyutping: Pun1 Jyu4 Jyun6-2) (covering former Yuexiu District and former Dongshan District). Therefore, it was not regarded as part of the capital of Guangdong Province (Chinese: 省城; Mandarin Pinyin: Shěngchéng; Jyutping: Saang2 Seng4). Therefore, Xiguan Dialect should be regarded as suburban accents, distinguished from Downtown Accent (Chinese: 城內音), esp. Dongshan Accents (Chinese: 東山口音). Notwithstanding, Xiguan lies close to the capital of Guangdong Province so the gap is narrow.
Departed Situation
雖處城外，西關卻成爲達官貴人的青睞之地。很多富人喜歡把別墅建在西關（成爲今天僅存的西關大屋）。正是因爲如此，西關口音成了富人的標誌，帶西關口音之人非富則貴，西關口音倍受時人尊崇，曾一度被公認為廣州方言的貴族口音。 在推普運動開展前，媒體均以西關音作爲標準音，多雇用來自西關一帶的播音員；粵劇的唱腔咬字也以西關口音為准。大多數語言學家認爲廣州話（又被稱為“省城話”）是粵語主要的一種口語形式，以廣州西關一帶居民的口音為正宗。廣州粵語學者以廣州西關口音為正宗廣州音，廣州話（廣州市地區之粵語）普遍認定為語言學上粵語的代表音。
Controversy
由於舊時西關並不算作省城的一部分，有部分人認爲廣州話不應以西關口音爲標準，而應該是以城內音（特別是東山口音）爲標準。有人甚至認爲西關口音是粵語懶音的源頭實際上，若真的要探求粵語懶音的源頭，那應該是n、l不分的南海音、ng脫落的番禺音和香港早期的懶音。對廣州話以何爲標準暫無定論，但由於西關口音廣泛傳播，且西關後來成爲廣州城的一部分參見荔灣區，經濟較爲發達，大多數語言學家均認爲廣州話應以西關口音爲標準。
Current Situation
雖然西關口音被視為標準廣州話口音，但現在依《廣州音字典》所收字音來看，並沒有專門視西關口音為主收對象，而是以當前珠三角、港澳通用口音為標準。由於中國大陸採取Popularize Mandarin (Chinese: 推廣普通話)的政策，而且改革開放後不少外省人南遷至廣東，加之在香港粵語流行曲、電視及電影的影響下，香港事實上已經取代廣州成為粵語文化的中心。很多西關人連廣州話都講得不好，更不必說西關口音了。另外，隨著西關居民逐漸遷往其他地區（老城區空心化），城市化致使西關部分地區遭拆遷，西關口音漸漸消退、失散，這種以村、鄉為基礎的小範圍方言是粵語分支的一個特色，城市化把一些曾經廣泛存在過的方言消退掉。現在只能從西關老人家和一些致力於文化保育的人士口中聽到西關口音。現今，廣東媒體對粵語的發音問題已不再重視，只有少部分播音員仍然能說一口標準的廣州話（西關口音），例如廣州電視臺《羊城度度有段古》嘉賓主持、廣州説書藝人顏志圖仍帶有濃厚的西關口音。西關口音、東山口音、廣州河南口音已幾乎混為一體，西關口音正逐漸消失。
References
Research Into Cantonese Teaching & Pronunciation (Chinese: 粤語教学與讀音研究) (by Mok Chiu Hung (Chinese: 莫朝雄), Hong Kong Education Publishing House (Chinese: 香港教育出版社), 1961 edition)
Xiguan Accents
Cantonese Association
Cantonese Guild Hall
Cantonese Culture Communication Association
Customs
There are varieties of customs in Xiguan, which are comparatively well conserved among districts in Guangzhou.
Customs during Spring Festival, Ching Ming Festival, Qixi Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Dongzhi Festival (Winter Solstice Festival) are more or less the same as those in other places in Guangzhou.
During Duanwu Festival (alternatively known as Dragon Boat Festival), people in Xiguan watch dragon boat races and eat Zongzi. Male residents row dragon boats.
Nursery Rhymes
肥仔米，肥仔米，肥仔食咗變瘦仔，瘦仔食咗變傻仔。
月光光，照地堂；年卅晚，摘檳榔；檳榔香，嚼子薑；子薑辣，買蒲達[1]；蒲達苦，買豬肚[2]；豬肚肥，買牛皮；牛皮薄，買菱角；菱角尖，買馬鞭；馬鞭長，起屋樑；屋樑高，買張刀；刀切菜，買籮蓋；籮蓋圓，買條船；船浸底，浸親兩個番鬼仔[3]；一個蒲頭[4]，一個浸底[5]；一個摸茨菇，一個摸馬蹄。
月光光，照地堂，蝦仔[6] 你乖乖瞓[7] 落床，聽朝[8] 亞爹要捕魚蝦囉，亞嫲[9] 織網要織到天光。
點蟲蟲，蟲蟲飛，飛到荔枝基；荔枝熟，摘邊[10] buk9[11]，邊buk9啖啖肉[12]。
荔枝熟，摘滿屋；屋滿紅，伴住個細蚊公[13]。
排排坐，食粉果；豬拉柴，狗透火[14]；貓兒擔凳[15] 姑婆坐；坐埋一齊[16] 唱支歌。
“凼凼”(tam4 tam4)轉[17]，菊花園；炒米餅，糯米團；五月初五係龍舟節啊，亞媽佢叫我去睇龍船；我唔[18] 唔去睇，要去睇雞仔；雞仔大，搦[19] 去賣；賣咗[20] 幾多錢？賣咗幾多隻啊？我買隻風車仔，佢[21] 轉得好好睇[22]，睇佢凼凼轉啊菊花園，睇佢凼凼轉啊凼凼轉啊轉。[23]
ABCD，大頭綠衣[24]；捉人唔到，吹BB[25]。[26]
落雨大，水浸街，亞哥擔柴上街賣，亞嫂出街著花鞋，花鞋花襪花腰帶，珍珠蝴蝶兩邊排。
賣懶去，買精歸，賣左懶仔過新年，食過年飯好種田。
賣懶，賣懶，賣到年三十晚，人懶我唔懶。
細蚊仔，soe4[27] 滑梯，因住[28] 跌落嚟[29]；咪[30] 學陳德貴，成日[31] 流鼻涕，跌親[32] 籮柚[33] 唔好睇。
河邊有隻羊，羊邊有隻象，象邊有隻馬騮仔[34]，好似你噉樣[35]。
咬蔗須，要睇毛，短毛輸，長毛贏，冇[36] 毛唔算數。
搣[37] 開柑，數柑核，邊個[38] 核多就邊個贏，唔准手賴就縮骨[39]。
拍大骳[40]，唱山歌，人人話我冇老婆，扚[41] 起心肝娶翻個，有錢娶個嬌嬌女，冇錢娶個豆皮[42] 婆，豆皮婆，食飯食得多，屙[43] 屎屙兩籮，屙尿沖大海，屙屁打銅鑼。
呈沉剪[44]，呈沉包，呈沉糯米叉燒包。老鼠唔食香口膠，要食豆沙包。
伏[45] 匿[46] 匿[47]：一就預備，二就匿埋，三就開盤，四就嚟到，baang4[48] 到算數。
點指兵兵，點指賊賊，點著誰人做大兵，點著誰人做大賊。
估[49] 手指，要估中，邊個唔中，就唔中用，褲浪底[50] 見個窿[51]。
騎牛牛，牛牛走，牛牛響[52] 前咪回頭，若然[53] 回頭就打籮柚[54]。
大眼雞[55]，鹹魚頭，你屙尿，唔洗手。
咕碌咕碌一，咕碌咕碌二，咕碌咕碌三，準備開炮打敵人！
董存瑞，十八歲，為國犧牲炸堡壘，炸到堡壘ngok7 ngok7脆[56]，全國人民流眼淚。
轆[57] 銅仙，打銅錢，全憑眼界手出變，叮響銅錢畀[58] 個仙[59]。
打泥炮，泥炮響，唔使摣[60] 槍上戰場。
折紙機，麻鷹飛，飛嚟飛去唔落地，麻鷹有條尾。
咚啄，酸薑，你亞嫲，纏腳娘。
趌跛跛[61]，跳跳腳，咚咚咚，上跳下跳似麻雀。
趌跛跛，跛咗蹄，冇米煮，煮泥沙，冇屋住，住樓梯，樓梯有只鬼，嚇到你gyun1[62] 落床下底。
伸長手，頂手掌，死人都要頂硬上[63]，ji1牙baang6哨就[64] 貓噉樣。
劈友[65]，劈友，快啲[66] 走，走得快，好世界，走得嚤[67]，冇鼻哥[68]。
鬥遠掟[69] 石頭，因住咪甩[70] 手，石頭最冇眼，掟親唔好眼淚流。
掟磚頭，鬥[71] 大嚿[72]，一掟掟到西門口，濺起浪花拋浪頭。
花手巾[73]，真引人，基邊撈魚好過癮，一兜一條好手運，千祈[74] 唔好踎[75] 到你頭暈。
黐[76] 塘mei1[77]，塘mei1飛，飛到菜田基，田基有條蛇，嚇親你兩仔爺[78]。
煮飯仔仔先落米，風爐透火柴對齊，千祈唔好咁laa2 sai1，我哋系細蚊仔。
一人騎膊馬[79]，兩人騎豬乸[80]，三步要埋頭，撞到面就打。
紅辣椒，綠辣椒，平時你caak8/caat8[81] 嘴miu2 miu2[82]，今日你冇膽同我撩[83]。
鬼叫[84] 你咁貪心，聞咗我個屁，嗍[85]咗入個鼻，我要你賠翻二兩四。
mei6水[86] 底，摸泥沙，摸到泥沙當金龜，摸唔到系契弟[87]。
陳德貴，住得矮，床下底有只鬼，嚇到gyun1臺底。
一二三，三二一，肥婆跳舞頂第一！
過天梯，haa1/hap7[88] 矮仔，人在雲東過到西，唔怕米貴就最怕矮。
黑面李逵，紅面關公，三國水滸亂saai3 lung4[89]，打敗清兵系[90] 英雄。
打棋子，靠眼屎，全憑眼界靠本事，唔好睇錯認gau1[91] 屎[92]。
乞兒[93] 仔，畫烏龜，一人一筆咪亂嚟，最後嗰[94] 個正衰仔！
大笨象，摣支槍，去打仗，打完仗，翻嚟食碗鹹酸薑。
鋼盔個大頭佛，着鞋就唔着襪。
有隻雀仔跌落水，跌落水，有隻雀仔跌落水，被水沖去。
肥仔個頭，大過五層樓[95]，肥仔隻手，細過荷蘭豆。[96]
Education (Of Former Liwan District)
Elementary Schools
Xiguan Peizheng Primary School (Chinese: 西關培正小學)
Xianjidong Primary School (Chinese: 冼基東小學)
Sanyuanfang Primary School (Chinese: 三元坊小學)
Liuhua Lu Primary School (Chinese: 流花路小學)
Dongfeng Xilu No.1 Primary School (Chinese: 東風西路第一小學)
Dongfeng Xilu No.2 Primary School (Chinese: 東風西路第二小學)
Xihua Lu Primary School (Chinese: 西華路小學)
Xinglong Lu Primary School (Chinese: 興隆路小學)
Longjin Xilu Primary School (Chinese: 龍津西路小學)
Huiyuannan Primary School (Chinese: 匯源南小學)
Xilaixi Primary School (Chinese: 西來西小學)
Affiliated Primary School of Guangzhou Normal School (Chinese: 廣州市師範學校附屬小學)
Liwan Lexianfang Primary School (Chinese: 荔灣區樂賢坊小學)
Shamian Primary School (Chinese: 沙面小學)
Guangya Li Primary School (Chinese: 光雅里小學)
Liwan Baoyuan Zhongyue Primary School (Chinese: 荔灣區寶源中約小學)
Wenchang Xiang Primary School (Chinese: 文昌巷小學)
Baohua Primary School (Chinese: 寶華小學)
Ludixi Primary School (Chinese: 蘆荻西小學)
Mingxing Li Primary School (Chinese: 明興里小學)
Huangsha Dadao Primary School (Chinese: 黃沙大道小學)
Renmin Zhonglu Primary School (Chinese: 人民中路小學)
Zhoumen Primary School (Chinese: 周門小學)
Shuangqiao Primary School (Chinese: 雙橋小學)
Liwan Experimental School (Chinese: 荔灣實驗學校)
Huancuiyuan Primary School (Chinese: 環翠園小學)
Zhongshan Balu Primary School (Chinese: 中山八路小學)
Guangya Primary School (Chinese: 廣雅小學)
Huanshi Xilu Primary School (Chinese: 環市西路小學)
Longjin Primary School (Chinese: 龍津小學)
Baohua Peizheng Primary School (Chinese: 寶華培正小學)
Liwan Huaqiao Primary School (Chinese: 荔灣華僑小學)
Liwan Xihua Lu Primary School (Chinese: 荔灣區西華路小學)
Zhuji Lu Primary School (Chinese: 珠璣路小學)
Yaohua Primary School (Chinese: 耀華小學)
Wenchang Primary School (Chinese: 文昌小學)
Jinyan Li Primary School (Chinese: 金雁里小學)
High Schools
Guangdong Guangya Middle School (Chinese: 廣東廣雅中學)
Guangzhou No.4 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第4中學)
Guangzhou Vocational School of Early Childhood Education (Chinese: 廣州市幼兒教育職業高級中學)
Guangzhou No.35 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第35中學)
Guangzhou No.31 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第31中學)
Guangzhou Xiguan Foreign Language School (Chinese: 廣州市西關外國語學校) (former Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第12中學))
Guangzhou No.1 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第1中學)
Guangzhou Xiehe Senior School (Chinese: 廣州市協和高級中學) (former Guangzhou Normal School (Chinese: 廣州市師範學校))
Guangzhou Meihua Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市美華中學) (former Guangzhou No.59 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第59中學))
Guangzhou No.23 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第23中學)
Guangzhou No.36 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第36中學)
Guangzhou No.90 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第90中學) (emerged into Peiying Middle School (Chinese: 培英中學))
Guangzhou Chenjiageng Memorial Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市陳嘉庚紀念中學) (former Guangzhou No.30 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第30中學))
Guangzhou No.23 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第32中學)
Liuhua Middle School (Chinese: 流花中學)
Guangzhou Nanhai Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市南海中學) (former Guangzhou No.11 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第11中學))
Guangzhou No.69 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第69中學) (Closed; afterwards became the campus of Xianjidong Primary School (Chinese: 冼基東小學))
Guangzhou No.24 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第24中學)
Xiguan Peiying Middle School (Chinese: 西關培英中學)
Guangzhou No.100 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第100中學) (emerged into Guangzhou Nanhai Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市南海中學))
Guangzhou Liwan Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市荔湾中學) (former Guangzhou No.43 Middle School (Chinese: 廣州市第43中學))
Historical Relics
National Cultural Heritages (National Historic Sites and Cultural Objects under State Protection)
There are two National Cultural Heritages in Xiguan:
Architectural complex on Shamian Island (Chinese: 沙面建築群)
Chen Clan Academy (Chinese: 陳家祠)
Chan Clan Academy
Main article:Chen Clan Academy
Chen Clan Academy
陳家祠(Chen Clan Ancestral Hall)，又稱陳氏書院(Chen Clan Academy)，於清光緒十六年(1890年)興建，由黎巨林設計，以其“三雕、三塑、一鑄鐵”而著稱，號稱“百粵冠祠”。
始建時用作廣東各縣陳氏子弟來省城應科舉時學習及住宿場所，也是祭祀祖宗的宗祠。
陳家祠坐落北朝南，為三進院落式佈局，由9座廳堂、6個院落、10座廂房和長廊巷組成。主體建築占地6400平方米，寬80米、深80米，以“三進三路九堂兩廂杪”佈設。
穿插六院八廊，全院的門、窗、屏、牆、欄、梁架、屋脊等處均有精美的各式木雕、石雕、磚雕、灰塑、陶塑、銅鐵鑄等藝術品。
主體建築正門兩邊的外牆上，6幅大型磚雕梁山聚義、梧桐杏柳鳳凰群等。
尤具特色的還有第二進後側長廊上的柚木屏門雙面鏤雕，分別雕有歷代歷史故事和民間傳說“三顧茅廬”、“赤壁之戰”等20幅木雕，被讚譽為“木刻鋼刀雕就的中國歷史故事長廊”。
中路一、二進間的院子內有石欄杆鑲嵌的鐵鑄雙通花欄板“金玉滿堂”、“三羊啟泰” 。
郭沫若曾賦詩讚美陳家祠的建築藝術：“天工人可代，人工天不如。果然造世界，勝讀十年書。”
陳氏書院是全國重點文物保護單位，1996年被評為“廣州十大旅遊美景”之首。
Provincial Cultural Heritages (Provincial Historic Sites and Cultural Objects under Protection)
The are 3 Provincial Cultural Heritages in Xiguan:
Guangya Academy (Chinese: 廣雅書院)
Guangdong Postal Building (Chinese: 廣東郵務大樓)
Guangdong Customs House (Chinese: 粵海關大樓)
Municipal Cultural Heritages (Municipal Historic Sites and Cultural Objects under Protection)
The are 13 Municipal Cultural Heritages in Xiguan:
Hall of the Arhats in Hualin Temple (Chinese: 華林寺羅漢堂)
Martyrs Memorial Monument of Shaji Massacre (Chinese: 沙基慘案烈士紀念碑)
Renwei Temple (Chinese: 仁威廟)
Old pawnshop on Huagui Lu (Chinese: 華貴路舊當鋪)
Taihua Building (Chinese: 泰華樓)
Xiguan Residences (Chinese: 西關大屋建築)
Archaeological site of Barbican and West City Gate of Guangzhou in Ming Dynasty (Ximenkou or West Gate) (Chinese: 廣州明代西城門甕城遺址(西門口))
Jinlun Guild Hall (Chinese: 錦綸會館)
Nanfang Building (or Nanfang Mansion) (Chinese: 南方大廈)
Old pawnshop on Zhongshan Qilu (Chinese: 中山七路舊當鋪)
Old residential buildings (Chinese: 舊民居建築)
Huang Baojian's stone house (Chinese: 黃寶堅石屋)
Five-mouthed Wells (Chinese: 五眼井)
Hualin Temple
Main entrance of Hualin Temple
Hualin Temple (Chinese: 華林寺; Mandarin Pinyin: Huálín Sì; Jyutping: Waa4 Lam4 Zi2) is located in Hualinsi Qianjie (Chinese: 華林寺前街; Mandarin Pinyin: Huálínsì Qiánjiē; Jyutping: Waa4 Lam4 Zi2 Cin4 Gaai1; literally "Hualin Temple Frontstreet"), Xilai Chudi (Chinese: 西來初地; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīlái Chūdì; Jyutping: Sai1 Loi4 Co1 Dei6-2; literally "The first place where a monk from the West (i.e., Bodhidharma) arrived"), Xiajiu Lu (Chinese: 下九路; Mandarin Pinyin: Xiàjiǔ Lù; Jyutping: Haa6 Gau2 Lou6; literally "Lower 9th Rd."). Its predecessor was Xilai Buddhist Convent (Chinese: 西來庵; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīlái Ān; Jyutping: Sai1 Loi4 Am1), set up during Emperor Wu of Liang (Chinese: 梁武帝) years (20s, 6th century), Southern and Northern Dynasties (Chinese: 南北朝) by an Indian eminent monk, Bodhidharma (Chinese: 達摩), after he set up an altar to preach Buddhism. In 1655 (12th year of Shunzhi Emperor (Chinese: 順治帝), Qing Dynasty), Zen Master Zongfu (Chinese: 宗符禪師) initiated its rehabilitation and changed its name to Hualin Temple. There used to be an Gilded Ashoka Pagoda (Chinese: 阿育王塔) and 500 Arhats' statues (Chinese: 五百羅漢像) but some of them were destroyed afterwards.
Arhats' statues in the Hall of the 500 Arhats
Renwei Temple
仁威廟位於龍津西路仁威廟前街，舊泮塘鄉內，占地2200平方米，供奉道教真武帝。初建時稱北帝廟。是當時泮塘恩洲十八鄉最古老和最大的廟字。仁威廟始建于宋代皇佑四年(1052年)於明代天啟二年(1622年)、清代乾隆年間(1736年-1795年)和同治年間(1862年-1874年)有過較大規模的維修。
Jinlun Guild Hall
位於下九路西來新街21號，占地面積700平方米，始建于清雍正元年，有近300年的歷史，是座祠堂式的三進深磚木結構的建築，鍋耳屋的外觀，現館內保留有木雕、磚雕、陶塑、碑刻等。綿綸會館是廣州絲織業(即“錦綸行”)的行業公會，是目前廣州市唯一的行業會館，是近代中國資本主義萌芽的見證。
廣州紡織業起步較早，到明清時已臻成熟，錦綸會館印證了廣州市紡織業的繁榮。廣州全盛期擁有紡織手工業工人3、4萬人之多，而所產絲織品因質地精美而為海外和國內青睞，雍正年間的廣東通志載：“粵緞之質密而勻，其色鮮華，光輝滑澤——金陵，蘇杭皆不及”。現廣州博物館仍藏有數匹當時廣州產的彩緞。廣州紡織業的手工業工人，後來發展成近代的工人階級。
Five-mouthed Wells
Five-mouthed Wells (Chinese: 五眼井; Mandarin Pinyin: Wǔyǎn Jǐng; Jyutping: Ng5 Ngaan5 Zeng2), alternatively known as (Chinese: 五眼泉; Mandarin Pinyin: Wǔyǎn Quán; Jyutping: Ng5 Ngaan5 Cyun4), lie next to Hualin Temple.
Taihua Building
Taihua Building (Chinese: 泰華樓; Mandarin Pinyin: Tàihuá Loú; Jyutping: Taai3 Waa4 Lau4) is located at No.27, Duobao Fang (Chinese: 多寶坊; Mandarin Pinyin: Duōbǎo Fāng; Jyutping: Do1 Bou2 Fong1; literally "Treasure Lane"), Enning Lu. It used to be the study of Li Wentian (Chinese: 李文田), the Tanhua (Chinese: 探花; Mandarin Pinyin: Tànhuā; Jyutping: Taam3 Faa1; literally "No.3 in national civil examinations in feudal China or the 3rd place in imperial examination or No.3 scholar") during Xianfeng Emperor (Chinese: 咸豐帝) years, Qing Dynasty. The building had a collection of 100 thousand books, some of which were lost during Second Sino-Japanese War (Chinese: 抗日戰爭). Moreover, some of the calligraphy works and paintings were took away during Cultural Revolution (Chinese: 文化大革命).
Registered Cultural Heritages (Registered Historic Sites and Cultural Objects under Protection)
The are 11 Registered Cultural Heritages in Xiguan:[97]
Wen Tower (Chinese: 文塔)
Liang Clan Ancestral Hall (Chinese: 梁家祠)
Stele at Qinghao Archaic office of Wenlan Academy (Chinese: 文瀾書院清濠公所石碑)
Stele at Permanent Senate of Senior Official Lu who initiated Yue (Guangdong) (Chinese: 開越陸大夫駐節故址碑)
Taotaoju Tea House (Chinese: 陶陶居)
Lianxianglou Tea House (Chinese: 蓮香樓)
Taying Building (Chinese: 塔影樓)
Former site of Lingnan Institute of Art & Literature (Chinese: 嶺南藝苑舊址)
Guangzhou Restaurant (Chinese: 廣州酒家)
Panxi Restaurant (Chinese: 泮溪酒家)
Xiehe Hall (Chinese: 協和堂)
Wen Tower
With a height of 13 meters, the Wen Tower (Chinese: 文塔; Mandarin Pinyin: Wéntǎ; Jyutping: Man4 Taap8; literally "Pagoda of the God of Culture and Literature") stands in Pantang (Chinese: 泮塘; Mandarin Pinyin: Pàntáng; Jyutping: Bun6-3 Tong4-2; literally "Half Pond"), which used to be the flowery orchard of King Liu (Chinese: 劉王; Mandarin Pinyin: Liúwáng; Jyutping: Lau4 Wong4) in Southern Han (Chinese: 南漢; Mandarin Pinyin: Nánhàn; Jyutping: Naam4 Hon3). It was built to enshrine and worship Wenqu Xing (Chinese: 文曲星; Mandarin Pinyin: Wénq Xng; Jyutping: Man4 Kuk7 Sing1; literally "God of Culture and Literature or scientifically Delta Ursae Majoris") sometime between Mid-Ming Period and Early Qing.
Heritages Preservation Measures
Cultural Heritages Management Office of Liwan District (Chinese: 荔灣區文物管理所) was founded in 1998.
The Cultural Heritages Preservation Liaison System among the District, Subdistricts and residential communities (Chinese: 區、街道、社區三級文物保護聯絡制度) was founded in 2001.
Liwan Government had invested funds of totally 59.383 million RMB yuan to preserve cultural heritages by 2001.
Architecture
西關的特色建築有騎樓、西關大屋以及麻石街巷(青石板路)；沙面、長堤和西堤一帶亦有西洋風格的建築。
從秦漢開始，位於南蠻之地的嶺南先民吸收中原文化，形成富有嶺南特色的建築。近代受西方的建築風格影響，西關的建築出現了新的變化，又融入了西方的元素。
Xiguan Residences
Xiguan Residences (Chinese: 西關大屋; Mandarin Pinyin: Xīguān Dàwū; Jyutping: Sai1 Gwaan1 Daai6 Uk7), which used to be the residences of wealthy businessmen, are the typical representative of vernacular dwellings in Xiguan.
Three-ply Doors complete with replica scenery.
大門一般分為三道(三重門)，廣州人稱“三件頭”。 臨街最外的一道是四扇對開的屏風門(也叫矮腳吊扇門或花門)。屏風門之後是趟櫳push-and-pull bars，趟櫳之後為洋雜木大門，是真正的大門。
西關大屋主要分佈在十八甫富善地區、楊巷、楊仁里、十二甫、寶華地區、逢源地區、寶源地區及多寶地區，在西村地區也略有分佈。
窗戶被稱為“滿州窗”。這種窗戶均等地分為左右三列，每列上下三扇，合共九扇。其開閉方式為上下推拉，各段窗扇可任意推到任何位置。窗上通常鑲嵌有色花玻璃。
西關大屋平面佈局一般為左右對稱，中軸線上為主要廳堂，每廳為一進，全屋一般為二至三進，廳之間用小天井相隔，天井有上蓋，靠天窗採光通風。廳的兩側為偏廳、偏房，大屋子偏房的兩側還有巷，叫“青雲巷”。
Bamboo Tube Houses
竹筒屋是富有嶺南特色的傳統民居，比西關大屋相對簡陋和狹窄。這種建築開間小，進深大，兩者之比由1∶4至1∶8， 由前至後排列以天井間隔的多所房間，形如竹筒。通風、排水及交通主要靠天井和巷道來解決，屋深長則天井相應增多。外觀似為一層，但因層高達4.5 米，故常置夾層，並設樓梯。牆基用石塊砌築，牆身用青磚，山牆承重，木構架，瓦頂。
Granite Streets & Lanes
Granite Streets and Lanes (Chinese: 麻石街巷) were paved with granite, widely distributed around Xiguan Residences.
Arcades
Arcades on Shangxiajiu
Some people claim that arcades (Chinese: 騎樓) in Xiguan correlate closely to the residences of ancient people living in Nanyue (Chinese: 南越). They are considered as the trace of Baiyue (Chinese: 百越) Stilt house (Chinese: 干欄屋).
On the other hand, some people insist that arcades are structures built in 1925 when streets were extended and roads were constructed on a large scale in Guangzhou. Their design is deemed to have derived from ancient Greece.
Arcades connect houses and make a long path for pedestrians to keep out wind, rain and the glare of sunshine. Arcades seem to be exactly designed for the climate in Guangzhou and meanwhile makes it much more convenient for stores to display their goods and attract customers.
Guangzhou style arcades on Shanghai Street, Mong Kok, Hong Kong
This kind of structure has always been the main feature of Guangzhou's commercial atmosphere and has become the sign of Guangdong Street or Canton Street (Chinese: 廣東街) in other places, such as Jinling Donglu (Chinese: 金陵東路) in Shanghai
Arcades in Guangzhou first appeared in the area around Sacred Heart Cathedral (Chinese: 聖心大教堂) on Yide Lu (Chinese: 一德路; Mandarin Pinyin: Yīdé Lù; Jyutping: Jat7 Dak7 Lou6; literally "Yide Rd."). Later, other business quarters in Guangzhou fell over each other in eagerness to imitate the example such as Shangxiajiu (Chinese: 上下九; Mandarin Pinyin: Shàngxiàjiǔ; Jyutping: Soeng6 Haa6 Gau2), Zhongshan Lu, Enning Lu (Chinese: 恩寧路; Mandarin Pinyin: Ēnníng Lù; Jyutping: Jan1 Ning4 Lou6; literally "Enning Rd.") and Renmin Nanlu.
Architectural complex on Shamian Island
Main article: Shamian Island
Church of Our Lady of Lourdes (Catholic church) on Shamian Island
Christ Church Shamian (Protestant church)
沙面原是白鵝潭畔一片沙洲，由珠江上游河道流沙衝擊而成，故名。廣州沙面租界形成於第二次鴉片戰爭期間。1859年，沙面西部44英畝被劃為英租界，東部11英畝為沙面法租界。沙面的大量建築基本上是在19世紀末以後建造的。昌盛時，沙面外國洋行達30多家，一個世紀來有近70座樓宇由14個不同國家用作領事館、銀行、商行和教堂(天主教露德聖母堂和基督新教沙面會堂)。Speaking of architectural forms, buildings on Shamian can be divided into four categories: New Baroque, Neoclassical, Verandah and Pseudo-Gothic.
Architectural complex on Shamian Island
Western-style Structures on Changdi & Xidi
19世紀末20世紀初，廣州沿江的長堤、西堤一帶興建了大型的辦公及商業建築，反映了19世紀西方流行的新古典式的建築風格，保留了希臘、羅馬時期的建築特點。
Food
秦漢以前，西關先民崇雜食。秦漢以後，漢人不斷進入廣州，將中原的飲食與廣州的土著飲食風尚相結合。
俗語有云：“食在廣州，源在泮塘。”地處西關的泮塘氣候適合種植蓮藕、馬蹄(荸薺)、菱角、茭筍、茨菇(被稱為“泮塘五秀”)。
由於中西方的文化衝擊，西關孕育出具有鮮明地方特色的美食。較為有名的是“廣州第一家”(廣州酒家)和“蓮蓉第一家”(蓮香樓)，西關小食還有德昌咸煎餅、池記、超記雲吞面、南信雙皮奶、順記椰子雪糕、開記綠豆沙等。
Tea Houses
西關的茶樓堪稱廣府茶樓的典型及模範。廣州附近四鄉乃至香港、澳門的茶樓均以西關茶樓為榜樣，迄今香港的一些老牌茶樓仍保留有西關茶樓的影子。
清末，西關茶樓的格局並不像今天所見的兩三層樓式，而是青磚石腳，宛如西關大屋模樣，大門也有木門與腳門，內有天井與廂房，能容納客人數量有限。在光緒年間著名的茶樓有十一甫的頤苑、第二甫的榮珍居、第三甫的永安居和第五甫的五柳居等，均在抗日戰爭前湮沒。
20世紀20年代，西關新興起一些新式的茶樓，多為二層甚至三四層的“洋樓”，內部為“竹筒屋”式，即縱向深入，有的還有天井(如陶陶居)，臨街的一面窗用滿洲窗，通爽明亮，座位有卡座及廂房，雅潔舒適。
現存西關歷史較老、保留較典型的茶樓是第十甫的陶陶居及蓮香樓。
Taotaoju Teahouse
Taotaoju Teahouse's signage in Kang Youwei own autograph
Taotaoju Teahouse創建於光緒六年(1880年)，後於1933年由南海譚氏兄弟與陳伯綺合辦改建為混凝土三層大樓，外立面飾以各色灰塑，樓頂尚有六角重簷亭一座。三樓的“霜華小院”是一天井園林。
多有文人騷客趨慕，招牌題字出自清代名人南海康有為之手。陶陶居在100多年前原是一位大戶人家的書院，到了清光緒年間，這間書院已換上“葡萄居”茶樓招牌，專營蘇州風味的酒菜，兼營茶面，後易手由一位陳姓老闆經營，改茶樓字號為陶陶居，寓意來此品茗樂也陶陶。
陶陶居的名菜有化皮乳豬、豬腦魚羹、五彩鮮蝦仁、薑蔥炒肉蟹、西湖菊花魚、手撕鹽焗雞、片皮掛爐鴨、雲腿爽肚、雪裏藏珍等。
Lianxianglou Teahouse
Lianxianglou Teahouse
Lianxianglou Teahouse有“蓮蓉第一家”之稱，開業於1889年，“蓮香樓”三個大字出自清末南海翰林大學士陳如岳之手跡。
始創的純正蓮蓉餡以其品質幼滑、蓮味濃郁而馳名中外。冷凍食品如糯米雞、三絲春卷、蓮蓉蟠桃包、上湯水餃和椰汁年糕獲國家優質產品獎。較為有名的小吃有蓮蓉月餅、老婆餅、嫁女餅、龍鳳餅。
Xiangzhenlou Teahouse
Xiangzhenlou Teahouse祥珍樓創辦於光緒年間，由佛山人譚新義在西門口中山七路建成，樓高三層，門面寬闊。20世紀90年代被拆。
9 "Ru"s
在廣州有九間以“如”字命名的茶樓，人稱“九如”，在西關的則有光復路的“太如樓”及珠璣路的“多如樓”，後者結業於20世紀90年代。
Guangzhou Restaurant
The head office of Guangzhou Restaurant on Wenchang Nanlu
始建於1939年，前身是西南酒家。作為傳統粵菜的代表，廣州酒家素有“食在廣州第一家”之美譽。位於文昌南路的總店外立面採用意大利貴妃紅大理石裝修，建築為回廊式設計，內設大井，種有榕樹。廳房佈局合理，曰“滿漢宮”。名菜有廣州文昌雞、紅棉嘉積鴨、萬花煎釀鴨掌、三色龍蝦、滿漢全筵、五朝華筵等。
Panxi Restaurant
相連荔灣湖公園，是1000多年前南漢王劉鋹的御花園“昌華苑”的故地，也是昔日的“白荷紅荔、五秀飄香”的“荔枝灣”。1947年，粵人李文倫在這片“古之花塢”上創辦了泮溪酒家作為廣州目前三大園林酒家之首，其名菜有八寶冬瓜盅、園林香液雞、七彩併盤等，著名的點心有綠茵白兔餃、蜂巢芋角、泮塘馬蹄糕、脆皮三色卷等。泮溪酒家有40種菜式和點心在全國、省、市烹飪比賽中獲獎。
Snacks
Delicacies which have earned the title of Chinese Famous Food (Chinese: 中華名小吃) are as follows: Peanut & Sesame Filled Cake (Chinese: 榮華麻香酥) of Ronghua Teahouse (Chinese: 榮華酒樓), Shuangpinai (Chinese: 雙皮奶) and Milk With Ginger Juice (Chinese: 薑撞奶) of Nanxin (Chinese: 南信), Shrimp Wonton (Chinese: 上湯鮮蝦雲吞) of Ouchengji (Chinese: 歐成記), Jidi Congee (Chinese: 及第粥) of Wuzhanji (Chinese: 伍湛記), Ginger Juice & Milk Custard Tart (Chinese: 薑汁奶撻) of Qingping Restaurant (Chinese: 清平飯店), Sweetheart Cake (Chinese: 老婆餅) of Lianxianglou Teahouse (Chinese: 蓮香樓), Rice Noodle Roll With Beef (Chinese: 牛肉腸) of Yinji (Chinese: 銀記) and Goose Liver Boiled Dumplings (Chinese: 鴨肝水餃) of Jinzhongge (Chinese: 金鐘閣).
Delicacies which have earned the title of Guangzhou Famous Food (Chinese: 廣州市名牌美食) are as follows: Milk With Ginger Juice (Chinese: 薑撞奶) of Xinghualou Teahouse (Chinese: 杏花樓), Milk Paste (Chinese: 奶糊) of Fenghuang (Chinese: 鳳凰; literally "Pheonix Restaurant"), Sesame Paste Sweet Dumplings (Chinese: 麻蓉湯丸) of Rongde (Chinese: 榮德), Sachima (Chinese: 薩其馬) of Satangji (Chinese: 薩棠記), Sampan Congee (Chinese: 艇仔粥), Salty Pancake (Chinese: 咸煎餅) of Dechang (Chinese: 德昌), Stuffed Glutinous Rice Dumpling (Chinese: 裹蒸粽) and Burst(Laughing) Deep-fried Pastry Ball (Chinese: 笑口棗) of Liangyingji (Chinese: 梁英記), White Sugar Lunjiao Cake (Chinese: 白糖倫教糕) of Guohua (Chinese: 國華), Coconut Ice Cream (Chinese: 椰子雪糕) and Grass Jelly (Chinese: 涼粉) of Shunji Bingshi (Chinese: 順記冰室).
It is worth mentioning that the Chinese character Ji (Chinese: 記; Mandarin Pinyin: Jì; Jyutping: Gei3) is often used in a restaurant's signage, often following the owner's name. For instance, Kaiji (Chinese: 開記) is named this way because of its owner's name KAI (Chinese: 開), Ye Jiankai(Chinese: 葉健開).
Shuangpinai
Shuangpinai (Chinese: 雙皮奶; Mandarin Pinyin: Shuāngpínǎi; Jyutping: Soeng1 Pei4 Naai5; literally "Double Skin Milk or Double Skin Milk-Jelly or Steamed Milk in 2 Films or Double-cream Milk or Stewed Milk Beancurd or Milk Custard") in Daliang (Chinese: 大良), Shunde (Chinese: 順德) owns a most famous reputation. The founder of Nanxin (Chinese: 南信) comes from Shunde, and set up a shop in Guangzhou in 1943.
Ice Cream of Shunji
Coconut ice cream of Shunji Bingshi (Chinese: 順記冰室; literally "Shunji Restaurant which offers frozen dessert") is a well-known Xiguan snack. The restaurant was set up by a hawker named Lu Shun (Chinese: 呂順) in 20s, 20th century. Coconut juice extracted from fresh coconut meat, diluted milk, eggs and refined white sugar are ingredients. The delicacies of Shunji were tasted by heads of foreign states and honoured guests such as Norodom Sihanouk from Cambodia in 50s and 60s, 20th century. The restaurant has acquired the title of Guangzhou Famous Food (Chinese: 廣州市名牌美食) since 1956.
Tangyuan Served With Green Bean Soup of Kaiji
Kaiji (Chinese: 開記) is located on Longjin Donglu (Chinese: 龍津東路; Mandarin Pinyin: Lóngjīn Dōnglù; Jyutping: Lung4 Zeon1 Dung1 Lou6; literally "Dragon Quay Rd., E."). Its owner is Ye Jiankai (Chinese: 葉健開) and he is jokingly called Dousha Kai (Chinese: 豆沙開; literally "Sweetened Bean Paste Kai") because of the restaurant's food. Kaiji's Tangyuan (sweet dumplings) served with green bean soup (Chinese: 綠豆沙湯丸) and Vanilla green bean soup clear away diners' heat and toxic material and earn a high reputation in Guangzhou. The shop is Ye's grandfather's legacy.
Shrimp Wonton Noodle of Ouchengji
Shrimp Wonton Noodle (Chinese: 鮮蝦雲吞面) of Ouchengji (Chinese: 歐成記) is famous. The soup served with this delicacy is the double-stewed soup (Chinese: 老火湯) made of shrimp-roe, flounder and pig bones. Fresh pork, shrimp and eggs are used in stuffing of the wontons. The wonton wrapper is so thin that wontons appear carneous after being cooked thoroughly, thus called glass wontons (Chinese: 玻璃雲吞).
Jidi Congee of Wuzhanji
Jidi Congee (Chinese: 及第粥; literally "Graduates passing an imperial examination Congee") of Wuzhanji (Chinese: 伍湛記), alternatively called Sanyuan Jidi Congee (Chinese: 三元及第粥; literally "Graduates of three governmental examinations Congee"), has been famous since Republic of China. Located in Wenchang Xiang (Chinese: 文昌巷; literally "Elegance & Prosperity Lane"), the restaurant is famous for its variety of congee, Jidi the congee in particular. This congee contains dried beancurd stick, gingko and flounder. The congee is also called Sanyuan Jidi Congee for the reason that the numbers of its ingredients in each bowl, namely pork balls, pork liver slices and pork intestine slices correspond respectively to the numbers of Zhuangyuan (Chinese: 狀元; literally "Number One Scholar in feudal Chinese examinations"), Bangyan (Chinese: 榜眼; literally "Number Two Scholar in feudal Chinese examinations") and Tanhua (Chinese: 探花; literally "Number Three Scholar in feudal Chinese examinations"). Wuzhanji's Jidi Congee earned the title of Chinese Famous Food (Chinese: 中華名小吃) in 1997.
Rice Noodle Roll With Beef of Yinji
Rice Noodle Roll (Chinese: 布拉腸 or 拉腸) was originated by Hexianguan Restaurant (Chinese: 荷仙館) in Pantang during Second Sino-Japanese War and it has been a must in Guangzhou's restaurants. Rice Noodle Roll With Beef (Chinese: 牛肉腸) of Yinji (Chinese: 銀記) is the most famous among all. Rice milk is steamed into rice pellicle with meat smash, fillet and pork liver on it and the pellicle is rolled and then cut apart.
Sampan Congee
Sampan Congee (Chinese: 艇仔粥) comes from Litchi Bay. It is called Sampan Congee because it was sold by Tanka people on sampans. Its ingredients used to be only river prawns and slices of fish meat. Now it has become a commonly seen snack and has gradually become dishes in restaurants and hotels. Its ingredients are unceasingly updated, with salted jellyfish, peanuts and fried vermicelli.
Eating Etiquettes
People in Xiguan pay particular attention to eating etiquettes, especially in tea houses. They don't swear and they keep courteous to each other to express their gratitude. When pouring tea, they only pour tea to 80% of the cup. Furthermore, they devote particular care to gestures when pouring tea or wine and when picking up food with chopsticks and spoons.
They use diffrent vessels when dishing up different dishes and different cups when different kinds of wine are filled with.
Diners, especially businessmen, kill time as well as pry into market quotations, taking the advantage of dining.
Population
In the past, gentle and simple, honour and low were trenchant in Xiguan. The disparity between rich and poor was wide. An old proverb rang a bell in Guangzhou that Ladies in Xiguan, Gentlemen in Dongshan and riffraffs in Henan (Chinese: 西關小姐，東山少爺，河南地痞).
Residents
自秦統一嶺南之後，中原人大批遷入廣州，原來的土著離城遷到城外的西關居住。地道的西關人家一般均為大家族，一些富庶雍容的財主大戶，一派博古好雅的書香門第，或是字畫世家。
西關河叉交錯，以田園為主。當時廣州城每天晚上都要關閉城門，商賈和文人墨客都不願住在城中，相繼搬到西關落戶，使西關逐日繁喧熱鬧起來，成為廣州城郊經濟最發達的黃金旺地。
在舊西關，居住的人家有階層、群落的相對劃分。有錢的商賈、體面的文人雅士大多聚居在十三行一帶以及荔枝灣一帶。無錢短勢的窮苦百姓、草根階層，為方便打工則集中居住在西門口、金花地區和高基一帶。泮塘一帶則居住著鄉村人口。
清乾隆二十二年(1757年)至道光(1842年)，廣州是中國當時惟一的對外貿易口岸，清政府嚴禁外國人進入廣州城，外國商人只能在十三行商館(亦稱夷館)居住。直至今天，仍有不少外國遊客居住於沙面(白天鵝酒店)，沙面被洋人稱為“西人街(Foreign Town)”。
Miss Xiguan
西關小姐是20世纪初对西關一帶的富家女子的稱謂，是西關文化的一個重要象征。因西關是資本家居住集中地，住在西關曾是身份象徵，廣州有俗語云「東山少爺、西關小姐」。西關小姐是西關文化的一個重要象徵。受經濟發展影響，該地區比較注重教育，西關小姐多為飽讀詩書的富家小姐。西關小姐在文化內涵上的內在美，和衣着打扮上的外在美，是構成其與別不同特質的一個重要因素。
Boat Dwellers (Tanka people)
廣州人稱水上居民為疍民。廣州河網密集，既有航運、漁業的條件，又有迎送過江人們的需要，因而珠江河畔彙集的水上艇戶十分稠密。小艇既是水上居民的生產工具，又是他們的居所。 西關面積不大，而當年的海岸線卻超過4公里，加上西部是河網區，因此水上居民近5000戶[98]。
1954年，時任國務院總理周恩來到現今鵝潭視察水上居民的生活情況，表示廣州市人民政府和荔灣區人民政府的領導要為水上居民建好陸上住宅。
1958年初，廣州市政府撥款在荔灣涌邊建成兩棟三層的水上居民宿舍，有70戶水上居民遷往新居，為廣州市最早為水上居民建造的陸上住宅。時任廣州市長朱光到該處探望遷入新居的水上居民。
1961年，新一批二層居民住宅樓在中山七路落成，106戶504名水上居民在春節前遷進了新居。
------------------------
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiguan
- Attachments
-
- WestGate.png (240.95 KiB) Viewed 161 times
-
-