Tornatrás / 菲律賓粵西混血種人
Tornatrás (Spanish pronunciation: [ˌtornaˈtɾas]) is a caste term used in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era from the 16th to 19th century to describe persons of mixed indigenous Malay (referred to as Indio), Chinese (referred to as Sangley), and Spanish ancestry (referred to as Filipino or Peninsular). The term comes from the Spanish words tornar, meaning 'to turn', and atrás, meaning 'back'. Hence, the term means "to turn back."
Contents
[hide]
1 Present-day distribution
2 History
3 Language
4 Notable persons of Tornatrás descent
5 See also
[edit] Present-day distribution
There are no official statistics on the number of people of Tornatrás ancestry in the Philippines, as it has not been officially used as a legal term since the end of the Spanish colonial era.
[edit] History
Persons of the Tornatrás caste were legally classified as 'blanco' (white), along with filipinos (Spaniards born in the Philippines), peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain), and mestizos of Spanish-Malay descent, and lived in the racially segregated Intramuros, where persons who were not legally classified as white were not allowed to live.
Those born in the Tornatrás caste were commonly born from a Spanish father ('filipino' or 'peninsular') and a Malay-Chinese (mestiza de sangley) mother as only white men were legally allowed to marry non-white women. White women were prohibited from marrying non-white men as it was against the social mores of the time. If a mestiza de sangley (Malay-Chinese) or india (Malay) married a Spaniard (filipino or peninsular), she was legally classified as 'white' and was allowed to live in Intramuros with her husband and children.
Illegitimate mestizo children of Spanish men were legally prohibited from living in Intramuros unless they were adopted by the men themselves.
Only mestizos de sangley (persons of Malay-Chinese descent) were allowed to enter strictly for employment purposes, but were required to leave and return to their section of racially segregated Binondo at the end of the day. Whites were legally exempted from paying taxes. Indios (Malays) paid the base tax, mestizos de sangley (Malay-Chinese) paid twice the base tax, and sangleys (Chinese) paid four times the base tax.
[edit] Language
Persons of the Tornatrás caste used Spanish as their primary language as the use of any other language was legally prohibited from being spoken within the walls of Intramuros, coextensive with the boundaries of Manila at the time, and was considered the capital of the territory of the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era.
[edit] Notable persons of Tornatrás descent
Lucy Torres, Congresswoman of the 4th District of Leyte, TV host and actress
Isabel Preysler, journalist and tv host
Enrique Iglesias, singer, son of Isabel Preysler
Vanessa Hudgens, actress
Coney Reyes, actress and TV host
Leah Navarro, activist and former diva
Romnick Sarmienta, actor
Imee Marcos, Congresswoman
Ferdinand Marcos, Jr., congressman
Luis Manzano, TV host and occasional actor
Bobby Andrews, actor
Isabel Oli, actress
Kylie Padilla, teen actress, daughter of Robin Padilla
Queenie Padilla, teen actress, daughter of Robin Padilla
Sylvia Ratonel, Singapore Idol contestant
Cory Quirino, beauty and lifestyle expert
Tia Carrere, former American actress
Santiago de Villegas y Tevés †, descendant of Escolástica Tevés-Villamil y Bilbao (mestiza de sangley from Negros Oriental; distant relative of Isabel Preysler Arrastía-Reinares De Boyer, prev. Sra. De Iglesias and Sra. De Falcó & marquesa de Griñón) & Geronimo de Villegas (Peninsular from Santander, Cantabria, Kingdom of Spain) - Founder of Santiago Villegas y Compañía, Sociedad Anonima (changed to Santiago Teves Villegas Corporation when Castillian Spanish ceased to be the national language of the Republic of the Philippines
Maria Salome de López y de Rodríguez †, descendant of Pelagio de López y ... (Mestizo-tornatrás descent) & Gabriela de Rodríguez y ... (Mestiza-Tornatrás descent) - a distant relative of the Princess-consort of Asturias: Letizia Ortiz-Álvarez y Rosocolano-Rodríguez, José Luís Rodríguez Zapatero, & José María Aznar López and spouse of Santiago de Villegas y Tevés
Zorina Salvadora de Villegas López-Rodríguez De Hueysuwan* (prev. Mrs. Keonchareon-Hueysuwan or Mrs. Hueysuwan-Yongsmith; officially simplified to Hueysuwan - 21st century)
Sheila Grazia Marie Hueysuwan Villegas-López De Murashima, prev. Sra. De Fabié (de Marcos)* (baptised as María Sheila Gracia)
Dawn Alexandra Fabié (de Marcos)* y Hueysuwan-Villegas
Mikhail Chaison Fabié (de Marcos)* y Hueysuwan-Villegas
* Marriage of Yolanda de Marcos (castiza) to a certain ancestor
Natasha Hueysuwan Villegas-López De Florido
Kamille Nikole Florido y Hueysuwan-Villegas
James Benedict Florido y Hueysuwan-Villegas
Niwatchai Peter Hueysuwan (y) de Villegas
Purita Luciana de Villegas López-Rodríguez De Anderson
Angie Anderson y Villegas-López
Anthony Pío Anderson y Villegas-López
Montserrat de Villegas López-Rodríguez Vd.ª De Sierra, co-Founder of Sierra Developent Corporation
Don Juan Pedro Aaron (y) Villanueva (indio-tornatrás Aaron-(Chinese-Indio) Villanueva-(mestizo-caztilla)
Santiago Sierra y de Villegas
Armando Sierra y de Villegas †
Armando Sierra, Jr.
Pierre Sierra y W.
Stefano Sierra y W.
Emma Lucrecia de Villegas López-Rodríguez Vd.ª De de Medína del Prado
Mona Liza de Medína del Prado Villegas-López De Gallego-Litton
Emma de Medína del Prado Villegas-López De Padilla
Alfonso Villegas y López
Patricio Villegas y López
Angélico Pío Villegas (y) de las Alás (Mesticillo-Tornatrás or Cholo-Tornatrás)
María Teresa Ponce de León T. De Villegas (Tornatrás; Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, Philippine extracts)
Tyra Villegas y Ponce de León
Lyca Villegas y Ponce de León
Bianca Villegas y Ponce de León
Robustiano de Villegas y López-Rodriguez
Rogelio Villegas y López
Trinidad Tevés Longa Vd.ª De Sagarbarría † (castiza-tornatrás)
Trinidad Sagarbarría Tevés-Longa De Bustamante (castiza-tornatrás)
Sabin Antonio Bustamante y Sagarbarría (mesticillo-tornatrás)
Alfredo Gustavo Bustamante y Sagarbarría (mesticillo-tornatrás)
Carlos Miguel Tevés y Sinco (castizo-tornatrás)
Rosario (de) Vicente De Moras (castiza-tornatrás)
Miguel Moras (y) (de) Vicente
Luis Moras (y) (de) Vicente (castizo-tornatrás)
Rosario Moras Urquiaga De (de) García (castiza-tornatrás)
Beatriz Edurne (de) García (y) Moras (castiza-tornatrás)
Begoña Milagros (de) García (y) Moras (castiza-tornatrás)
Ángel José Tevés (y) (de) García (mestizo-tornatrás)
Sabrina María Tevés (y) (de) García (mestizo-tornatrás)
[edit] See also
Filipino mestizo
Eurasian
Chinese Filipino
Sangley
Spanish settlement in the Philippines
Criollo people
White Latin American
Mestizo
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornatr%C3%A1s